Abaphumeleleyo banokusebenzisa ukuncitshiswa koxinzelelo ukuqhuba oomatshini abajikelezayo. Ulwazi malunga nendlela yokuvavanya izibonelelo ezinokubakho zokufaka i-wandting yakho inokufumaneka apha.
Ngokwesiqhelo kwimveliso yenkqubo yekhemikhali (i-CPI), Kuxhomekeka kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa nezoqoqosho, kunokuba yinto enqwenelekayo ukuguqula la mandla ukuba ajikelezwe amandla, anokusetyenziselwa ukuqhuba abavelisi okanye abanye oomatshini abajikelezayo. Ngolwelo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto (ulwelo), oku kufezekiswa kusetyenziswa i-hydraulic amandla e-hydraulic forchine (i-hprt; jonga kwireferensi 1). Ngotywala obungxamisekileyo (igesi), i-kwandiser ngumatshini ofanelekileyo.
Ukukhwayiza yitekhnoloji eqolileyo nezicelo ezininzi eziphumeleleyo ezinje ngokugqobhoza kwe-Fluid (i-FCC), ifriji, i-valve yerhasi yegesi, ukwahlulwa kwegesi yendalo okanye ukukhutshwa komoya. Ngokomgaqo, nayiphi na irhasi yegesi encitshisiweyo inokusetyenziselwa ukuqhuba isiphumo sokwanda, kodwa "iziphumo zamandla zihambelana ngqo nomlinganiso, ubushushu kunye nenqanaba lokuhamba kwegesi" [2], kunye nokunokwenzeka kwezobuchwephesha nezoqoqosho. Ukuphunyezwa kokuKwandiswa: Inkqubo ixhomekeke kwezi zinto kunye nezinye izinto, ezinje ngamaxabiso endawo kunye nobukho bezinto ezenziwayo.
Nangona i-turbomepander (ukusebenza efanayo kwi-turbine) yeyona ndlela yaziwayo ye-wantiya (umzobo 1), zikho ezinye iintlobo ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo. Eli nqaku lazisa ngeendlela eziphambili zokwanda kunye nezinto zawo kwaye ishwankathela indlela abaphathi abasebenza kuzo, abacebisi okanye abaPhicothi boPhicothi okanye abaPhathisayo bokufakelwa kwesandiso.
Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhedi zokuchasana nokuhluka kakhulu kwiJometri kunye nomsebenzi. Iindidi eziphambili zibonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye luchazwe ngezantsi. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, kunye neegrafu ezithelekisa imeko yokusebenza kohlobo ngalunye olusekwe kwi-Diameters ethile kunye nezantya ezithile, jonga uncedo. 3.
I-piston turboepander. I-Piston kunye ne-puston ye-puston ye-tuston ye-tuston isebenza njenge-injini ejikelezayo yangaphakathi ejikelezayo, ethabatha igesi egudileyo kunye nokuguqula amandla awo agciniweyo kwimigangatho ye-crankshaft.
Tsala i-turbo yandise. I-Brake Turbine yandise igumbi lokuhamba ngotshintsho kunye neebhakethi zebhakethi eziqhotyoshelwe kwi-perifish yento ejikelezayo. Zenzelwa ngendlela efanayo njengamavili amanzi, kodwa icandelo lamanqanaba amagumbi ahlukeneyo anyuka ukusuka ekutyibilikeni, avumele igesi yokwandisa.
I-radboepander. I-rubial turboepanders ine-intelel ye-axial kunye ne-raidlet yokukhuphela, ivumela igesi yokwandisa i-turbine impeller. Ngokufanayo, ii-turbines ezihamba kancinci zegesi ngevili leTurbine, kodwa indlela yokuhamba ihlala ihambelana ne-axis yokujikeleza.
Eli nqaku ligxile kwi-radial kunye ne-axial turboepanders, ukuxoxa ngemisonto yabo eyahlukeneyo, izinto kunye nezoqoqosho.
I-turboepander ikhuphe amandla ukusuka kwi-gesi yerhasi ephezulu kwaye iguqula ibe ngumthwalo wokuqhuba. Ngokwesiqhelo umthwalo ngumdlalo we-compressor okanye umvelisi oxhunyiwe kwi-shaft. I-turbomepander ene-compressor iqulunqa ulwelo kwezinye iindawo zenkqubo efuna ulwelo olunyanzelekileyo, ngaloo ndlela ikhulisa ukusebenza kwesityalo ngokusebenzisa amandla enzonzobila. I-turboepander ene-generator yomthwalo oguqula amandla ukuba abe ngumbane, onokusetyenziswa kwezinye iinkqubo zezityalo okanye ibuyiselwe kwigridi yendawo yokuthengisa.
I-Turboexpaators i-TurboePators inokuxhotyiswa nge-shaft ye-surbine kwivili le-turbine ukuya kwi-generator, okanye ngebhokisi yegiya enciphisa ivili lentengo kwi-generator ngomyinge weginde. I-TurboePanders ye-turboepanders inika izibonelelo ngokusebenza kakuhle, i-ofisi yendlela kunye nezolondolozo. I-Gearbox TurboExpapappars inzima kwaye ifuna i-sutorint enkulu, izixhobo zokuthintela izixhobo, kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo.
Ukuhamba-nge-Turbopapars kunokwenziwa ngohlobo lweeturial ze-radial okanye ze-axial. Ukuhamba kwe-radicy kratya iqulethe i-Axial Innet kunye ne-Ridlet Offlet enje i-turbine iphuma kwi-turbine ciecy kwi-axis yokujikeleza. I-axial turbines ivumela irhasi ukuba ihambe nge-axis ecaleni kwe-axis yokujikeleza. I-axial turbines ikhupha amandla ukusuka kwigesi ehamba i-Inlet Ceech vall kwivili elandayo, kunye nendawo enqamlezayo yegumbi lokwanda kokukhula.
Umvelisi weTurboePander unezinto ezintathu eziphambili: Isondo le-turbine, iibhere ezizodwa kunye nemveliso.
Isondo leTurbine. Amavili e-turbine ahlala enzelwe ngokukodwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-aerodynamic. Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezichaphazela uyilo lwevili lwe-turbine lubandakanya uxinzelelo / uxinzelelo lwe-Outlet, i-Inlet / Outlet / Outlet / iQonga lokuHamba, kunye neePropathi zeMihlaba. Xa umlinganiso woxinzelelo uphakame kakhulu ukuba uncitshiswe kwinqanaba elinye, i-turbomerpander enamavili amaninzi e-turbine efunekayo. Zombini i-rabial kunye ne-axial turbine ze-turbine zinokwenziwa njengamanqanaba amanqanaba amaninzi, kodwa ivili le-axial tulbine inobude obumfutshane obuninzi kwaye ke ziyacaca. I-turbism ye-rabial rabial rabial ifuna igesi yokuhamba ukusuka kwi-axial ukuya kwi-radial kwaye ibuyele kwi-axial, ibuyise ilahleko ephezulu ye-faxial kune-turial surbines.
iibheringi. Ukuyilwa kweTrave kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-turboepander. Ukuthwala iindidi ezinxulumene nokuyila kwe-turboepander ukonakaliswa ngokubanzi kwaye kunokubandakanya iibherings zeoyile, iifilimu zefilimu ezingamanzi, iibherithi zemveli zemveli, kunye neBheteli yeBhola yeMveli. Indlela nganye inezibonelelo zayo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 1.
Abavelisi abaninzi be-turboepander bakhetha iibherithi zemagnetic "njengento yokhetho" lwabo "ngenxa yezibonelelo zabo ezizodwa. I-Magnetic Brings Qinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhululekileyo kwezinto ezinamandla ze-turboepander, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kunye nolondolozo ngaphezulu kobomi boomatshini. Nale yenzelwe ukumelana noluhlu olubanzi lwee-axial kunye nemithwalo ye-radial kunye neemeko ezingaphezulu. Iindleko zabo zokuqala zokuqala zicinyiwe yindleko eziphantsi zobomi.
I-DYAM. Umvelisi uthatha amandla ajikelezayo kwi-turbine kwaye uguqule kubasebenzi abaluncedo kusetyenziswa i-elektromagnetic generator (enokuba ngumvelisi we-inder okanye umthengisi osisigxina). Iiveratotors zosulelo zinesantya esisezantsi esilinganiselweyo, ke izicelo eziphakamileyo ze-turbine zifuna ukuba i-Gearbines, kodwa inokuyilwa ukutshatisa i-Grid Rid, Ukuphelisa isidingo se-REGIONT SPREATION (VFD) ukubonelela ngombane obonakalayo. Kwelinye icala le-beaglet yesigxina, kwelinye icala, linokutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo kwi-turbine kwaye idlulisele i-Grid kwigridi nge-drive eguquguqukayo. Umvelisi uyilelwe ukuhambisa amandla aphezulu ngokusekwe kumandla eshaft afumaneke kwinkqubo.
Amatywina. Itywina likwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo xa liyila inkqubo ye-turboeppander. Ukugcina ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo, iinkqubo kufuneka zitywinwe ukunqanda inkqubo yokuvuza igesi. I-Turboepanders inokuxhotyiswa ngamatywina okanye amatywina aqinileyo. Amatywina anamandla, afana ne-Labyrint baty kunye netywina eyomileyo, banike itywina ejikeleze ivili elijikelezayo, ngokwesiqhelo phakathi kwesondo laseTurbine, ebhetri kunye nomatshini oshiyekileyo apho umvelisi ukho khona. Amatywina e-Dynamic enxibe ixesha elingaphezulu kwaye afune ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa ukuze aqiniseke ukuba basebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Xa zonke izinto ze-turboepander ziqulathwe kwizindlu ezizodwa, amatywina aqingqiweyo anokusetyenziselwa ukukhusela naziphi na izindlu eziphumayo, kubandakanya ukuya kwimveliso, i-besttic drive, okanye izinzwa. Ezi tywina ze-airtinfit zibonelela ngokhuseleko olusisigxina ekuvuzameni kwegesi kwaye afune ukuba akukho msebenzi okanye ulungiso.
Ngokwenkqubo yenkqubo, eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka ifakwe isiseko kukubonelela ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu (olungagungqiyo) kwi-gesi yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ngoncedo olunendawo eyoneleyo, uxinzelelo lwehla kunye nokusetyenziswa kokugcina ukusebenza kwesiqhelo kwezixhobo. Iiparamitha zokuSebenza zigcinwa kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo nelifanelekileyo.
Ngokuphathelele ukuncitshiswa komsebenzi, ukwandiswa kunokusetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-joule-thomson (JT) ebizwa njenge-valve yethoza. Kuba i-valve ye-JT ihamba ngendlela ye-Intropic indlela kwaye eyandiswayo ihamba kwindlela ye-itantropic indlela, ukunciphisa ukunciphisa igesi kwaye iguqula umahluko we-suntrepy kwi valve ye-tt. Oku kuluncedo kwiinkqubo ze-CryOgenic apho injongo yokunciphisa ubushushu begesi.
Ukuba kukho umda ongezantsi kubushushu begesi yokuphuma (umzekelo, kwisikhululo sediski apho iqondo lobushushu legesi kufuneka ligcineke ngaphezulu kwenkunkuma, i-hydration, okanye ubuncinci boyilo lwe-heater) kufuneka kongezwe. Lawula ubushushu begesi. Xa i-preHeter ikwindawo yokwangamisayo, amanye amandla avela kwirhasi yokutya iphinde ibuyiselwe, koko kwandisa iziphumo zawo. Ukuqulunqwa kokuqwalaselwa apho kusetyenziswa khona ulawulo lobushushu lwe-chit, i-reeter yesibini inokuthi ifakwe emva kwento eyandayo ukubonelela ngolawulo olukhawulezileyo.
Kwi-3.
Kweminye inkqubo yokucwangcisa, amandla afunyenwe kwi-kwandiser anokudluliselwa ngqo kwi-compressor. Aba boomatshini, ngamanye amaxesha babizwa ngokuba "ngabaphathi", bahlala bekhule kunye namanqanaba emisebenzi enxulumene ne-shafts enye okanye ezingaphezulu, ezinokubandakanya ibhokisi yegiya ukulawula umahluko phakathi kwala manqanaba mabini. Ingabandakanya nemoto eyongezelelweyo yokubonelela ngamandla ngakumbi kwinqanaba lokucinezelwa.
Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu eziqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo.
I-valve ye-velis okanye uxinzelelo lokunciphisa ivalve. Ivalve ye-Bypass ivumela ukusebenza ukuba uqhubeke xa i-turboepander ayisebenzi (umzekelo, yolondolozo okanye ixesha likaxakeka), ngelixa ivalve encitshisiweyo isetyenziselwa ukusebenza okuphelileyo.
I-valve evaliweyo engxamisekileyo (ESD). I-ESD Valves isetyenziselwa ukuvimba ukuhamba kwegesi kwi-kwandiser kwingxamiseko yokuphepha ukonakala koomatshini.
Izixhobo kunye nolawulo. Izinto ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo zokubeka iliso zibandakanya uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lokuphuma, inqanaba lokuhamba, isantya sokujikeleza, kunye nemveliso yamandla.
Ukuqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu. Ifowuni inciphisa ukuhamba kwi-turbine, ibangela ukuba i-turbine rour inciphise, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela izixhobo ezivela kwisantya esigqithisileyo ngenxa yeemeko zenkqubo engalindelekanga enokonakalisa izixhobo.
Nxibelelana neValve (PSV). I-PSVs ihlala ifakwe emva kwe-turboepander ukukhusela imibhobho kunye nezixhobo zoxinzelelo oluphantsi. I-PSV kufuneka yenzelwe ukumelana nezona zinto zibalulekileyo, ezibandakanya ukusilela kwevalve edlulayo. Ukuba i-ukwandiswayo yongezwa kwisikhululo esikhoyo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo, iqela loyilo lenkqubo kufuneka libone ukuba ingaba i-PV ekhoyo ibonelela ngokhuseleko olwaneleyo.
I-heater. I-heaters ihlawulelwa ukuba ihlathi leqondo elibangelwe yirhasi edlula kwi-turbine, ke irhasi kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukwandisa ubushushu begesi yokunyuka kwegesi ukuze kugcinwe ubushushu begesi eshiya i-ukwandiswa kwexabiso elingaphezulu kwexabiso elincinci. Enye inzuzo yokuphakamisa ubushushu kukwandisa imveliso yamandla kunye nokuthintela ukungavisisani, ukufundisa, okanye i-hydrates enokuthi ichaphazele kakubi izixhobo. Kwiinkqubo eziqukethe abatshintshi beshushu (njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 3), ubushushu begesi buhlala bulawulwa ngokulawula ukuhamba kolwelo olushushu. Kuyilo oluthile, i-squater yelangatye okanye i-heater yombane inokusetyenziswa endaweni yotyhafa ngobushushu. Izitshisi zisenokubakho kwisikhululo se-valve ekhoyo, kwaye songeze i-ukwandiswayo isenokungafuni ukufaka i-reseters eyongezelelweyo, kodwa kunokonyusa ukuhamba kwamanzi ashushu.
Ukuthoba i-oyile yeoyile kunye neenkqubo zegesi. Njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, abaphuluki banokusebenzisa imizobo eyahlukeneyo yokuthengisa, enokuthi ifuna i-colicants kunye nokuthetha igesi. Apho kufanelekileyo, ioyile yokuthambisa kufuneka igcine umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokucoceka xa kunxibelelana neegesi zegesi, kwaye inqanaba le-viscosity yeoyile kufuneka lihlale ngaphakathi koluhlu olusebenzayo lwezinto ezifunwayo. Iinkqubo zegesi ezitywiniweyo zihlala zixhotywe ngesixhobo se-oyile ioyile ukuthintela ioyile kwibhokisi yokuphawula ukungena kwibhokisi yokwazisa. Kwisicelo esikhethekileyo sokudityaniswa kwabasebenzi be-hydrocarbon, ioyile yeoli ye-LUBE kunye neenkqubo zegesi ziqhelekileyo zenziwe kwi-API 617 [5] Icandelo 4.
Idrive eguquguqukayo (VFD). Xa i-generator i-Induction, i-VFD idla ngokuguqula i-testrating yangoku Ngokwesiqhelo, uyilo olusekwe kwiidrives eziguquguqukayo lunempumelelo enkulu kunezinto ezisebenzisa iibhokisi zegiya okanye ezinye izinto zoomatshini. Iinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-VFD zinokufumana uluhlu olubanzi lweenguqu ezinokukhokelela kutshintsho kwisantya sokwayisa isantya seshaft.
Ukuhambisa. Uyilo oluthile lokwaleka lusebenzisa ibhokisi yegiya ukunciphisa isantya sesantya sesantya esithintelweyo somvelisi. Indleko yokusebenzisa ibhokisi yegiya iphantsi kokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuvela kwamandla ephantsi.
Xa ulungiselela isicelo sekowuteshini (i-RFQ) yekowutyisi, injineli yenkqubo kufuneka iqale ichonge iimeko zokusebenza, kubandakanya le ngcaciso ilandelayo:
Iinjineli zoomatshini zihlala zigqibezela ukungqinelana kwenkcazo yomveliso kunye neenkcazo usebenzisa idatha evela kwezinye izinto zobunjineli. La magalelo anokubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
Inkcazo kufuneka ibandakanye uluhlu lwamaxwebhu kunye nemizobo enikezwe ngumenzi njengenxalenye yenkqubo yethenda kunye nenqanaba lokubonelela, kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo njengoko kufunwa yiprojekthi.
Ulwazi lobuchwephesha olunikezwe ngumenzi njengenxalenye yenkqubo yethenda kufuneka ibandakanye ezi zinto zilandelayo:
Ukuba kukho nayiphi na inkalo yesicelo eyahlukileyo kwimigaqo yoqobo, umenzi kufuneka anike uluhlu lokuphambuka kunye nezizathu zokuphambuka.
Nje ukuba kufunyenwe isindululo, iQela loPhuculo lweProjekthi kufuneka iphonononge isicelo sokuthobela kunye nokumisela ukuba umahluko ugwetyiwe.
Ezinye izinto zobugcisa zokuqwalaselwa xa kuvavanywa izindululo zibandakanya:
Okokugqibela, uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho kufuneka lwenziwe. Ngenxa yokuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zinokukhokelela kwiindleko ezahlukeneyo zokuqala, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlalutsho lwendleko zemali lwenziwe ukuthelekisa iprojekthi ixesha elide kunye nokubuya kutyalo mali. Umzekelo, utyalomali oluphezulu oluphezulu lunokungabikho kwixesha elide ngokunyusa imveliso okanye iimfuno ezincitshisiweyo. Jonga i "Direfres" kwimiyalelo yolu hlobo lohlalutyo. 4.
Zonke izicelo ze-turboepander-generator ifuna ukubalwa kwamandla okuqala ukumisela inani elipheleleyo lamandla afumanekayo anokufunyanwa kwisicelo esithile. Kwi-turboepander generator, amandla akho okubalwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo ye-Istantropic (entweni). Le yeyona meko ifanelekileyo ye-thermodynamic yokuqwalaselwa kwenkqubo eguqukayo ye-adiabatic ngaphandle kwengqumbo, kodwa yinkqubo echanekileyo yokuqikelela ukuba amandla okwenyani.
I-Intropic enokubalwa Amandla anokubakho aya kubonakaliswa njengenani le-Istic (i-equation (1)):
Ipp = (Hinlet-H (i, e)) × ṁ x ŋ ŋ (1)
Apho H
Nangona amandla amaNqanaba anokubakho anokusetyenziselwa ukuqikelela amandla anokubakho, zonke iinkqubo zokwenyani zibandakanya ukuxabana, ubushushu, kunye nezinye iilahleko zamandla. Ke ngoko, xa kubalwa amandla amandla, le datha yemveliso eyongezelelweyo ithathelwe ingqalelo:
Kwizicelo ezininzi ze-turboepander, iqondo lobushushu linqunyelwe kubuncinci ukuthintela iingxaki ezingafunekiyo njenge-pipe fruzle ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Apho kuhamba khona igesi yendalo, i-hydrates iphantse ikho, intsingiselo yokuba i-pipeline dowredam ye-tuperpander okanye ivalve enamafutha ayakukhulula ngaphakathi kwi-0 ° C. Ukuqulunqwa komkhenkce kunokubangela ukuthintelwa kokuhamba kwaye ekugqibeleni bavale inkqubo yokukhupha. Ke, iqondo elithi "i-"0 elithandwayo elinqwenelekayo lisetyenziselwa ukubala imeko yamandla enokubakho ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngeegesi ezinje nge-hydrogen, umda wobushushu usemgangathweni kuba i-hydrogen ayitshintshi kwirhasi ukuya kulwelo ide ifikelele kubushushu be-crybugec (-253 ° C). Sebenzisa eli qondo lobushushu lokukhupha elinqwenelekayo ukubala i-anthelpy ethile.
Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwenkqubo ye-turboepander nayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Kuxhomekeka kwitekhnoloji esetyenzisiweyo, ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunokwahluka kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-turbomepander esebenzisa igiya yokuphucula ukudluliselwa kwamandla ojikelezayo ukusuka kwi-turbine ukuya kwi-generator ukuya kwilahleko enkulu kunenkqubo esebenzayo kwi-turbine. Ukusebenza ngokufezekileyo kwenkqubo ye-turboepander kuvakaliswe njengepesenti kwaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kuvavanywa amandla e-turboepander. Amandla ombane akho (i-PP) ibalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-PP = (ihinlet-hexit) × ṁ x ṅ (2)
Makhe sijonge isicelo sokukhululeka kwendalo yegesi. I-ABC isebenza kwaye igcine isikhululo sokunciphisa Kuso esi sitishi, uxinzelelo lwe-inlet yegesi yi-40 bar kunye noxinzelelo lwe-lelet yi-8 bar. Iqondo lobushushu le-Intertled Laget ngama-35 ° C, ethintela igesi ukuthintela i-pipending. Ke ngoko, ubushushu begesi yasephandle kufuneka bulawulwe ukuze ungahambi ngezantsi kwe-0 ° C. Kulomzekelo siza kusebenzisa i-5 ° C njengeqondo elincinci le-Outlet ukuze kwandise into yokhuseleko. Ixabiso le-volumeric gesi eliqhelekileyo lingama-50 000 NM3 / h. Ukubala amandla amandla, siya kuthatha ukuba yonke igesi ihamba ngegesi isokola i-turbo kwaye ibala lemveliso yamandla aphezulu. Qikelela ukuba iyonke epheleleyo
Ixesha leposi: May-25 ukuya ku-2424