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| Imveliso | I-nitrogen |
| Ifomula yemolekyuli: | N2 |
| Ubunzima beemolekyuli: | 28.01 |
| Izithako ezinobungozi: | I-nitrogen |
| Iingozi zempilo: | Umxholo wenitrogen emoyeni uphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo enciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-voltage lomoya wokuphefumla, nto leyo ebangela i-hypoxia kunye nokufuthaniseka. Xa uxinzelelo lokuphefumla initrogen lungaphezulu kakhulu, isigulane ekuqaleni sasiziva sixinene esifubeni, siphelelwa ngumoya, kwaye sibuthathaka; emva koko kwakukho ukucaphuka, uvuyo olukhulu, ukubaleka, ukukhwaza, ukungonwabi, kunye nokuhamba okungazinzanga. Okanye i-coma. Phefumla uxinzelelo oluphezulu, izigulane zinokukhawuleza zife ngenxa yokuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. Xa umntywili ethatha indawo nzulu, isiphumo se-anesthesia se-nitrogen sinokwenzeka; ukuba idluliselwa ukusuka kwindawo enoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kwindawo enoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, i-bubble ye-nitrogen iya kwakheka emzimbeni, icinezele imithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, okanye ibangele ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, kwaye kwenzeka "isifo sokudambisa". |
| Ingozi yokutsha: | I-nitrogen ayitshi. |
| Phefumla: | Phuma ngokukhawuleza kwindawo leyo uye emoyeni omtsha. Gcina indlela yokuphefumla ivulekile. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, nika ioksijini. Xa ukubetha kwentliziyo kuyeka ukuphefumla, ngoko nangoko yenza utyando lokuphefumla okwenziwayo kunye notyando lokucinezela intliziyo esifubeni ukuze ufumane unyango. |
| Iimpawu eziyingozi: | Ukuba idibana nomkhuhlane ophezulu, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwesikhongozeli luyanda, kwaye isengozini yokuqhekeka nokuqhuma. |
| Iimveliso zokutsha ezenzakalisayo: | Igesi yeNitrogen |
| Indlela yokucima umlilo: | Le mveliso ayitshi. Ikhupha isitya emlilweni ukuya kwindawo evulekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye amanzi atshizayo kwisitya somlilo ayaphola de siphele isiphelo somlilo. |
| Unyango olungxamisekileyo: | Bakhuphe ngokukhawuleza abasebenzi kwiindawo ezivuzayo zongcoliseko baye kwimimoya ephezulu, kwaye ubahlukanise, uthintele ukungena nokuphuma ngokungqongqo. Kucetyiswa ukuba abasebenzi bonyango olungxamisekileyo banxibe iziphefumli ezaneleyo kunye neempahla zomsebenzi eziqhelekileyo. Zama umthombo ovuzayo kangangoko unako. Umoya ofanelekileyo kwaye ukhawulezise ukusasazeka. Isikhongozeli sokuvuza kufuneka siphathwe kakuhle, size sisetyenziswe emva kokulungiswa nokuhlolwa. |
| Amanyathelo okhuseleko okusebenza: | Ukusebenza okuxhalabileyo. Imisebenzi exhalabileyo ibonelela ngeemeko zomoya ezilungileyo zendalo. Umsebenzisi kufuneka alandele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza emva koqeqesho olukhethekileyo. Ukuthintela ukuvuza kwegesi emoyeni kwindawo yokusebenza. Sela kwaye ukhuphe kancinci ngexesha lokuphatha ukuthintela ukonakala kweesilinda kunye nezixhobo. Uxhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo oluvuzayo. |
| Amanyathelo okukhusela ukugcina: | Gcina kwindawo yokugcina izinto epholileyo, enomoya opholileyo. Hlala kude nomlilo nobushushu. I-Kuken akufuneki idlule kwi-30 ° C. Kufuneka kubekho izixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo zokuvuza kwindawo yokugcina. |
| I-TLVTN： | Igesi yokufutha ye-ACGIH |
| ulawulo lobunjineli: | Ukusebenza okuxhalabisayo. Ukubonelela ngeemeko zomoya ezilungileyo zendalo. |
| Ukhuseleko lokuphefumla: | Ngokubanzi akukho khuseleko lukhethekileyo olufunekayo. Xa uxinzelelo lweoksijini emoyeni kwindawo yokusebenzela lungaphantsi kwe-18%, kufuneka sinxibe ii-air respirators, ii-oxygen respirators okanye ii-long tube masks. |
| Ukukhusela amehlo: | Ngokubanzi akukho khuseleko lukhethekileyo olufunekayo. |
| Ukhuseleko lomzimba: | Nxiba iimpahla zomsebenzi eziqhelekileyo. |
| Ukukhusela isandla: | Nxiba iiglavu zokukhusela umsebenzi ngokubanzi. |
| Olunye ukhuseleko: | Kuphephe ukuphefumla umoya oxineneyo kakhulu. Kufuneka kujongwe ukuba ukungena kwiitanki, kwiindawo ezinqongopheleyo okanye kwezinye iindawo ezixineneyo kakhulu. |
| Izithako eziphambili: | Umxholo: i-nitrogen ecocekileyo kakhulu ≥99.999 %; umgangatho wokuqala wezinga lemizi-mveliso ≥99.5 %; umgangatho wesibini ≥98.5 %. |
| Inkangeleko | Igesi engenambala nengenavumba. |
| Ingongoma yokunyibilika (℃): | -209.8 |
| Iqondo lokubila (℃): | -195.6 |
| Uxinano (amanzi = 1): | 0.81(-196℃) |
| Uxinano lomphunga (umoya = 1): | 0.97 |
| Uxinzelelo lomphunga olugcweleyo (KPA): | 1026.42(-173℃) |
| Ukutsha (kj/mol): | akukho njongo |
| Ubushushu obubalulekileyo (℃): | -147 |
| Uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo (i-MPA): | 3.40 |
| Incopho yokutsha (℃): | akukho njongo |
| Ubushushu bokutshisa (℃): | akukho njongo |
| Umda ophezulu wokuqhuma: | akukho njongo |
| Umda ophantsi wokuqhuma: | akukho njongo |
| Ukunyibilika: | Iyanyibilika kancinci emanzini nakwi-ethanol. |
| Injongo ephambili: | Isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-ammonia, i-nitric acid, isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokukhusela izinto, i-ejenti eqandisiweyo. |
| Ubuthi obuyingozi: | Ld50: Akukho lwazi LC50: Akukho lwazi |
| Ezinye iziphumo eziyingozi: | Akukho lwazi |
| Indlela yokulahla ukususwa: | Nceda ujonge imigaqo efanelekileyo yesizwe neyengingqi ngaphambi kokuba ulahle. Igesi ephumayo ikhutshwa ngqo emoyeni. |
| Inombolo yemithwalo eyingozi: | 22005 |
| Inombolo ye-UN: | 1066 |
| Udidi lokupakishwa: | O53 |
| Indlela yokupakisha: | Isilinda segesi sentsimbi; iibhokisi zomthi eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwebhotile ye-ampoule. |
| Amanyathelo okhuseleko xa kuthuthwa: | |
Ungayifumana njani igesi ye-nitrogen ecocekileyo evela emoyeni?
1. Indlela yoKwahlula umoya ngeCryogenic
Indlela yokwahlula i-Cryogenic idlule kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-100 yophuhliso, kwaye inamava eenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo ezifana ne-voltage ephezulu, i-voltage ephezulu nephantsi, uxinzelelo oluphakathi, kunye nenkqubo epheleleyo ye-voltage ephantsi. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yanamhlanje ye-air score kunye nezixhobo, inkqubo ye-vacuum ephezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphantsi, kunye ne-vacuum ephakathi iye yasuswa ngokusisiseko. Inkqubo ephantsi yoxinzelelo oluphantsi enokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nemveliso ekhuselekileyo iye yaba lukhetho lokuqala kwizixhobo ezinkulu neziphakathi zobushushu obuphantsi. Inkqubo epheleleyo yokwahlula umoya we-voltage ephantsi yahlulwe ngokweenkqubo zoxinzelelo lwangaphandle kunye neenkqubo zoxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngokweekhonkco ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo lweemveliso ze-oksijini kunye ne-nitrogen. Inkqubo epheleleyo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwangaphandle ivelisa i-oxygen okanye i-nitrogen ephantsi, ize icinezele igesi yemveliso kuxinzelelo olufunekayo ukuze inike umsebenzisi nge-compressor yangaphandle. Uxinzelelo olupheleleyo kwinkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi I-oxygen engamanzi okanye i-nitrogen engamanzi eveliswa yi-distillation ecocekileyo yamkelwe ziipompo zolwelo kwibhokisi ebandayo ukuze inyibilike emva koxinzelelo olufunekayo ngumsebenzisi, kwaye umsebenzisi unikezelwa emva kokuphinda afudumale kwisixhobo esiphambili sokutshintsha ubushushu. Iinkqubo eziphambili kukucoca, ukucinezela, ukupholisa, ukucoca, i-supercharger, ukwandisa, ukucocwa, ukwahlula, ukuhlanganiswa kobushushu, kunye nokunikezelwa komoya oluhlaza ngaphandle.
2. indlela yokufunxa i-pressure swing (indlela ye-PSA)
Le ndlela isekelwe emoyeni ocinezelweyo njengezinto eziluhlaza. Ngokubanzi, ukuvavanywa kweemolekyuli kusetyenziswa njenge-adsorbent. Phantsi koxinzelelo oluthile, umahluko ekufunxweni kweemolekyuli zeoksijini ne-nitrogen emoyeni kwii-sefu ezahlukeneyo zeemolekyuli uyasetyenziswa. Ekuqokeleleni igesi, ukwahlula ioksijini ne-nitrogen kuyaphunyezwa; kwaye i-arhente yokufunxa i-molekyuli yesihluzo ihlalutywa kwaye isetyenzisiwe emva kokususwa koxinzelelo.
Ukongeza kwiisivi zemolekyuli, ii-adsorbents zingafaka i-alumina kunye ne-silicone.
Okwangoku, isixhobo sokwenza i-nitrogen ye-adsorption esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-transformer sisekelwe kumoya ocinezelweyo, isihluzo se-carbon molecular njenge-adsorbent, kwaye sisebenzisa umahluko kumthamo we-adsorption, izinga le-adsorption, amandla e-oxygen kunye ne-nitrogen kwii-carbon molecular sieves kunye noxinzelelo olwahlukileyo luneempawu ezahlukeneyo zomthamo we-adsorption ukuze kufezekiswe ukwahlukana kwe-oxygen kunye ne-nitrogen. Okokuqala, i-oxygen emoyeni ibekwa phambili zii-carbon molecules, ezityebisa i-nitrogen kwisigaba segesi. Ukuze kufunyanwe i-nitrogen rhoqo, kufuneka iinqaba ezimbini ze-adsorption.
Isicelo
1. Iipropati zeekhemikhali zenitrogen zizinzile kakhulu kwaye ngokubanzi aziphenduli kwezinye izinto. Olu mgangatho we-inertial luvumela ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi ze-anaerobic, njengokusebenzisa initrogen ukutshintsha umoya kwisikhongozeli esithile, edlala indima ekuhlukaniseni, ekuthinteleni ilangatye, ekungaqhumiyo, nasekuthinteleni ukugqwala. Ubunjineli be-LPG, imibhobho yegesi kunye neenethiwekhi ze-bronchial ezimanzi zisetyenziswa ekusetyenzisweni kwamashishini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabantu [11]. Initrogen ingasetyenziswa nasekupakisheni ukutya okucutshungulweyo kunye namayeza njengokugubungela iigesi, ukuvala iintambo, imigca yefowuni, kunye namatayara erabha axinzelelweyo anokwanda. Njengohlobo lwesigcini, initrogen idla ngokutshintshwa ngomnye umntu ongaphantsi komhlaba ukuze kuncitshiswe ukugqwala okubangelwa kukudibana phakathi kwekholamu yetyhubhu kunye nolwelo lwe-stratum.
2. I-nitrogen ecocekileyo kakhulu isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ukuze kucocwe ukunyibilika kwesinyithi ukuphucula umgangatho wokunyibilikisa uthuli. Igesi, ithintela ngempumelelo ukubola kobhedu kubushushu obuphezulu, igcina umphezulu wezinto zobhedu, kwaye iphelisa inkqubo yokuqhotsa. Igesi yesithando samalahle esekelwe kwi-nitrogen (ukwakheka kwayo yi: 64.1%N2, 34.7%CO, 1.2%H2 kunye nomlinganiselo omncinci we-CO2) njengegesi ekhuselayo ngexesha lokunyibilikisa ubhedu, ukuze umphezulu wokunyibilikisa ubhedu usetyenziswe umgangatho wemveliso.
3. Malunga ne-10% ye-nitrogen eveliswa njengefriji, ikakhulu ibandakanya: idla ngokuba yi-solidification efana nerabha ethambileyo okanye efana nayo, irabha yokucubungula ngobushushu obuphantsi, ukufinyela nokubanda kunye nokufakelwa, kunye neesampuli zebhayoloji, njengokugcinwa kwegazi epholileyo xa ithuthwa.
4. I-nitrogen ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-nitric oxide okanye i-nitrogen dioxide ukwenza i-nitric acid. Le ndlela yokuvelisa iphezulu kwaye ixabiso liphantsi. Ukongeza, i-nitrogen ingasetyenziselwa i-ammonia yokwenziwa kunye ne-metal nitride.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-09-2023
