| Imveliso | Nitrogen |
| Ifomula yemolekyuli: | N2 |
| Ubunzima bemolekyuli: | 28.01 |
| Izithako ezinobungozi: | Nitrogen |
| Iingozi zempilo: | Isiqulatho senitrogen esemoyeni siphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo enciphisa uxinzelelo lombane lomoya wokuphefumla, ibangele i-hypoxia kunye nokufuthanisela. Xa ingxinano ye-nitrogen yokuphefumla ingekho phezulu kakhulu, isigulane ekuqaleni sasiva ukuxinana kwesifuba, ukuphefumla, kunye nobuthathaka; emva koko kwabakho ukucaphuka, imincili egqithiseleyo, ukubaleka, ukukhwaza, ukungonwabi, nokuhamba ngendlela engazinzanga. Okanye ikoma. Ukuphefumla i-concentration ephezulu, izigulane zinokukhawuleza i-coma kwaye zife ngenxa yokuphefumla kunye nentliziyo. Xa i-diver ithatha indawo enzulu, umphumo we-anesthesia we-nitrogen ungenzeka; ukuba idluliselwe ukusuka kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo, iqamza lenitrogen liya kubumba emzimbeni, licinezele imithambo-luvo, imithambo yegazi, okanye libangele ibheji yokuthintela umthambo wegazi, kwaye "isifo soxinzelelo" senzeke. |
| Ingozi evuthayo: | I-nitrogen ayinakutsha. |
| Ukuphefumla: | Khawuleza uphume kwindawo uye kumoya omtsha. Gcina iphecana lokuphefumla livulekile. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, nika ioksijini. Xa ukubetha kwentliziyo ephefumlayo kuyeka, ngoko nangoko yenza ukuphefumla okufakelweyo kunye nentliziyo yesifuba ngokucinezela utyando ukufuna unyango. |
| Iimpawu ezinobungozi: | Ukuba idibana nomkhuhlane ophezulu, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwesitya luyanda, kwaye lusengozini yokuqhekeka kunye nokuqhuma. |
| Iimveliso zokutsha ezinobungozi: | Igesi yeNitrojeni |
| Indlela yokucima umlilo: | Le mveliso ayitshisi. Iimoles zesikhongozeli ukusuka emlilweni ukuya kwindawo evulekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye amanzi okutshiza isikhongozeli somlilo aphole de kuphele umlilo. |
| Unyango olungxamisekileyo: | Bakhuphe ngokukhawuleza abasebenzi ekuvuzeni kweendawo zongcoliseko ukuya kwimimoya ephezulu, kwaye ubahlukanise, uthintele ngokungqongqo ukungena nokuphuma. Kucetyiswa ukuba abasebenzi bonyango olungxamisekileyo banxibe izixhobo zokuphefumla ezizixhasayo kunye nempahla yokusebenza ngokubanzi. Zama umthombo ovuzayo kangangoko. Ukungena komoya okunengqiqo kunye nokukhawulezisa ukusasazeka. Isitya sokuvuza kufuneka siphathwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye sisetyenziswe emva kokulungiswa kunye nokuhlolwa. |
| Imiqathango yokusebenza: | Umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo. Imisebenzi echaphazelekayo ibonelela ngeemeko ezilungileyo zokungenisa umoya zendalo. Umsebenzisi kufuneka athobele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza emva koqeqesho olulodwa. Thintela ukuvuza kwegesi emoyeni kwindawo yokusebenza. Sela kwaye ukhulule kancinci ngexesha lokuphatha ukukhusela umonakalo kwiisilinda kunye nezixhobo. Ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo oluvuzayo. |
| Izilumkiso zokugcina: | Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya. Hlala kude nomlilo kunye nobushushu. I-Kuken akufanele idlule i-30 ° C. Kufuneka kubekho ukuvuza izixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo kwindawo yokugcina. |
| TLVTN: | ACGIH Irhasi yokufunxa |
| ulawulo lobunjineli: | Umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo. Ukubonelela ngeemeko ezilungileyo zendalo zokungenisa umoya. |
| Ukhuseleko lokuphefumla: | Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho khuseleko olukhethekileyo olufunekayo. Xa i-oksijeni yoxinaniso emoyeni kwindawo yokusebenza ingaphantsi kwe-18%, kufuneka sinxibe iziphefumlo zomoya, i-oxygen respirators okanye iimaski zetyhubhu ezinde. |
| Ukhuseleko lwamehlo: | Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho khuseleko olukhethekileyo olufunekayo. |
| Ukhuseleko ngokwasemzimbeni: | Nxiba iimpahla zokusebenza jikelele. |
| Ukhuseleko lwezandla: | Nxiba iiglavu zokukhusela umsebenzi jikelele. |
| Olunye ukhuseleko: | Kuphephe ukuphefumla ngamandla. Ukungena kwiitanki, izithuba ezinyiniweyo okanye ezinye iindawo zokuxinana okuphezulu kufuneka zibekwe esweni. |
| Izithako eziphambili: | Umxholo: i-nitrogen ephezulu-ecocekileyo ≥99.999%; inqanaba loshishino kwinqanaba lokuqala ≥99.5%; inqanaba lesibini ≥98.5%. |
| Imbonakalo | Irhasi engenambala nevumba. |
| Indawo yokunyibilikisa (℃): | -209.8 |
| Indawo yokubilisa (℃): | -195.6 |
| Ukuxinana ngokuzalanayo (amanzi = 1): | 0.81(-196℃) |
| Ukuxinana komphunga (umoya = 1): | 0.97 |
| Uxinzelelo lomphunga (KPA): | 1026.42(-173℃) |
| Ukutshisa (kj/mol): | ayinanjongo |
| Ubushushu obubalulekileyo (℃): | -147 |
| Uxinzelelo olunzima (MPA): | 3.40 |
| Indawo edanyazayo (℃): | ayinanjongo |
| Ubushushu obutshayo (℃): | ayinanjongo |
| Umda ophezulu wogqabhuko-dubulo: | ayinanjongo |
| Umda osezantsi wogqabhuko-dubulo: | ayinanjongo |
| Ukunyibilika: | Inyibilika kancinane emanzini nakwi-ethanol. |
| Injongo ephambili: | Isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-ammonia, i-nitric acid, isetyenziswe njenge-agent ekhuselayo yezinto eziphathekayo, i-agent ekhenkcezayo. |
| Ubuthi obubukhali: | Ld50: Akukho lwazi LC50: Akukho lwazi |
| Ezinye iziphumo ezinobungozi: | Akukho lwazi |
| Ukuphelisa indlela yokulahla: | Nceda ubhekisele kwimimiselo efanelekileyo kazwelonke neyengingqi ngaphambi kokulahlwa. Irhasi yokukhupha ikhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo emoyeni. |
| Inombolo yomthwalo onobungozi: | 22005 |
| Inombolo ye-UN: | 1066 |
| Udidi lokuPakisha: | O53 |
| Indlela yokuPakisha: | Isilinda segesi yentsimbi; iibhokisi zomthi eziqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwebhotile ye-ampoule. |
| Imiqathango yothutho: | |
Ungayifumana njani igesi yenitrogen ecocekileyo evela kuMoya?
1. Indlela yokwahlula uMoya weCryogenic
Indlela yokwahlula i-Cryogenic idlule kwiminyaka engaphezulu kwe-100 yophuhliso, kwaye ifumene iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yombane, amandla ombane aphezulu naphantsi, uxinzelelo oluphakathi, kunye nenkqubo yamandla ombane aphantsi ngokupheleleyo. Ngophuhliso lweteknoloji yamanqaku omoya yanamhlanje kunye nezixhobo, inkqubo yombane ophezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphantsi, kunye ne-medium-voltage vacuum iye yapheliswa ngokusisiseko. Inkqubo ephantsi yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kunye nemveliso ekhuselekileyo iye yaba yinto yokuqala yokukhethwa kwezixhobo ezinkulu kunye neziphakathi zobushushu obuphantsi. Inkqubo yokwahlulahlula umoya ophantsi ophantsi-voltage yahlulahlulwe kwiinkqubo zokunyanzeliswa kwangaphandle kunye neenkqubo zokunyanzeliswa kwangaphakathi ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxinzelela i-oksijini kunye neemveliso ze-nitrogen. Inkqubo epheleleyo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi-loxinzelelo lwangaphandle luvelisa i-oksijini ephantsi okanye i-nitrogen, kwaye emva koko icinezela igesi yemveliso kuxinzelelo olufunekayo ukubonelela umsebenzisi nge-compressor yangaphandle. Uxinzelelo olupheleleyo kwinkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi-loxinzelelo lwe-oksijini yolwelo okanye i-nitrogen engamanzi eveliswa yi-distillation ye-distillation yamkelwa yiimpompo zolwelo kwibhokisi ebandayo ukuba ibe ngumphunga emva koxinzelelo olufunwa ngumsebenzisi, kwaye umsebenzisi unikezelwa emva kokufudumala kwakhona kwisixhobo esikhulu sokutshintsha ubushushu. Iinkqubo eziphambili kukucoca, ukunyanzeliswa, ukupholisa, ukuhlanjululwa, i-supercharger, ukwandiswa, i-distillation, ukwahlukana, ukuhlangana kwakhona kobushushu, kunye nonikezelo lwangaphandle lomoya okrwada womoya.
2. ujingi woxinzelelo lwendlela ye-adsorption (indlela ye-PSA)
Le ndlela isekelwe kumoya ocinezelweyo njengento ekrwada. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuhlolwa kweemolekyuli kusetyenziswa njenge-adsorbent. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluthile, umahluko ekufunjweni kweoksijini kunye ne-nitrogen iimolekyuli emoyeni kwii-sieves ezahlukeneyo ze-molecular zisetyenziswa. Ekuqokelelweni kwegesi, ukuhlukana kwe-oksijini kunye ne-nitrogen kuphunyezwa; kunye ne-agent ye-molecular sieve absorbing ahlalutye kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona emva kokususwa koxinzelelo.
Ukongeza kwi-molecular sieves, ii-adsorbents nazo zinokufaka i-alumina kunye ne-silicone.
Okwangoku, i-transformer esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-adsorption nitrogen yenza i-device isekelwe kumoya oxinyiweyo, i-carbon molecular sieve njenge-adsorbent, kwaye isebenzisa ukungafani komthamo we-adsorption, izinga le-adsorption, i-adsorption force ye-oksijini kunye ne-nitrogen kwi-carbon molecular sieves kunye noxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo luneempawu ezahlukeneyo ze-adsorption ze-nitrogen ukufezekisa i-oxygen ye-oxygen kunye ne-nitrogen. Okokuqala, ioksijini esemoyeni ibekwe phambili ziimolekyuli zekhabhoni, ezityebisa initrogen kwisigaba segesi. Ukuze ufumane i-nitrogen ngokuqhubekayo, kufuneka i-adsorption tower ezimbini.
Isicelo
1. Iimpawu zeekhemikhali ze-nitrogen zizinzile kwaye ngokubanzi aziphenduli kwezinye izinto. Lo mgangatho we-inertial uvumela ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezininzi ze-anaerobic, ezifana nokusebenzisa i-nitrogen endaweni yomoya kwi-container ethile, edlala indima yodwa, i-flame retardant, i-explosion-proof, kunye ne-anticorrosion. Ubunjineli be-LPG, imibhobho yerhasi kunye nothungelwano lwe-bronchial olunyibilikisiweyo lusetyenziswa ekusetyenzisweni kwamashishini kunye nokusetyenziswa koluntu [11]. Initrogen isenokusetyenziswa ekupakisheni ukutya okucutshungulweyo kunye namayeza njengokugquma iigesi, iintambo zokutywina, iingcingo zomnxeba, namatayara erabha acinezelweyo anokwandiswa. Njengohlobo lwesigcinakaliso, initrogen idla ngokutshintshwa kufakwe ngaphantsi komhlaba ukucothisa umhlwa oveliswa kukudibana phakathi kwekholomu yetyhubhu kunye nolwelo lwestratum.
2. I-nitrogen ephezulu-ecocekileyo isetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokunyibilika kwesinyithi ukucokisa ukunyibilika kwesinyithi ukuphucula umgangatho wokuphosa ungenanto. Igesi, ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo i-oxidation yokushisa ephezulu yobhedu, igcina ubuso bezinto zobhedu, kwaye ichithe inkqubo yokukhetha. Igesi ye-nitrogen-based charcoal furnace (ukubunjwa kwayo: 64.1% N2, 34.7% CO, 1.2% H2 kunye nexabiso elincinci le-CO2) njengegesi ekhuselayo ngexesha lokunyibilika kobhedu, ukwenzela ukuba i-copper melt surface isetyenziswe umgangatho wemveliso.
3. Malunga ne-10% yenitrogen eveliswayo njengefriji, ikakhulu ibandakanya: ngokuqhelekileyo ithambile okanye ifana nerabha -efana nokuqiniswa, irabha yokulungiswa kobushushu obuphantsi, ukucutheka okubandayo kunye nofakelo, kunye neesampuli zebhayoloji, ezifana nokugcinwa kwegazi okupholileyo kuhambo.
4. I-nitrogen ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-nitric oxide okanye i-nitrogen dioxide ukudala i-nitric acid. Le ndlela yokuvelisa iphezulu kwaye ixabiso liphantsi. Ukongeza, initrogen ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-ammonia kunye ne-metal nitride.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-09-2023