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I-nitrogen engamanzi, enefomyula yekhemikhali i-N₂, lulwelo olungenambala, olungenavumba, nolungenatyhefu olufunyanwa ngokunyibilikisa i-nitrogen ngenkqubo yokupholisa nzulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando lwesayensi, amayeza, kushishino, nasekuqandeni ukutya ngenxa yobushushu bayo obuphantsi kakhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okwahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, yenziwa njani i-nitrogen engamanzi? Eli nqaku liza kunika impendulo eneenkcukacha kulo mbuzo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo: ukukhupha i-nitrogen, indlela yokwahlula umoya opholileyo ngokunzulu, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-nitrogen engamanzi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo.

Ukukhupha initrogen

Ukuveliswa kwe-nitrogen engamanzi kufuna inyathelo lokuqala lokufumana i-nitrogen ecocekileyo. I-nitrogen yeyona nto iphambili kwi-atmosphere yoMhlaba, ebanga i-78% yomthamo womoya. Ukukhupha i-nitrogen kudla ngokwenziwa kusetyenziswa iteknoloji yokwahlula umoya obandayo okanye iindlela zokufaka i-pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Ukwahlula umoya obandayo yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso. Ngokucinezela nokupholisa umoya, yahlula i-oksijini, i-nitrogen, kunye nezinye izinto zegesi kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo. Indlela yokufaka i-pressure swing adsorption isebenzisa iipropati ezahlukeneyo zokufunxa ii-adsorbents kwiigesi ezahlukeneyo, ifezekisa i-nitrogen ecocekileyo kakhulu ngomjikelo wokufunxa kunye nokufunxa. Ezi ndlela ziqinisekisa ubunyulu kunye nomgangatho we-nitrogen njengezinto ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-nitrogen engamanzi.

Indlela yokwahlula umoya obandayo onzulu

Indlela yokwahlula umoya obandayo nzulu yenye yeendlela eziphambili ekuveliseni i-nitrogen engamanzi. Le ndlela isebenzisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokubila zegesi emoyeni ukuze inyibilikise i-nitrogen, i-oxygen, kunye nezinye izinto zegesi kancinci kancinci. Indawo yokubila ye-nitrogen yi--195.8℃, ngelixa eye-oxygen iyi--183℃. Ngokuthoba kancinci ubushushu, i-oxygen iyanyibilikiswa kuqala ize yahlulwe kwezinye iigesi, ishiye inxalenye eseleyo njenge-nitrogen ecocekileyo kakhulu. Emva koko, le nitrogen ipholiswa ngakumbi ngaphantsi kwendawo yayo yokubila ukuze inyibilikise ibe yi-nitrogen engamanzi, engumgaqo ophambili wokwenziwa kwe-nitrogen engamanzi.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-nitrogen engamanzi

Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-nitrogen engamanzi ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela aphambili: Okokuqala, umoya uyacinezelwa kwaye ucocwe ukuze kususwe ukungcola okufana namanzi kunye ne-carbon dioxide; emva koko, umoya upholiswa kwangaphambili, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi--100℃ ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwahlulwa; okulandelayo, kwenziwa ukwahlulwa okubandayo okunzulu, ukupholisa igesi kancinci kancinci ukuya kubushushu bokunyibilika kwe-nitrogen ukuze kufunyanwe igesi ye-nitrogen engamanzi. Kule nkqubo, abatshintshi bobushushu kunye neenqaba zokuqhekeka zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kumaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo. Okokugqibela, igesi ye-nitrogen engamanzi igcinwa kwizikhongozeli ezigqunywe ngokukodwa ukuze kugcinwe ubushushu bayo obuphantsi kakhulu kwaye kuthintelwe ukulahleka komphunga.

Imingeni yobuchwephesha ekwakhiweni kwe-nitrogen engamanzi

Ukwenziwa kwe-nitrogen engamanzi kufuna ukoyisa imingeni emininzi yobuchwephesha. Eyokuqala kukugcinwa kwendawo enobushushu obuphantsi, njengoko iqondo lokubila kwe-nitrogen engamanzi liphantsi kakhulu. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilikisa ulwelo, kuyimfuneko ukugcina ubushushu obungaphantsi kwe--195.8℃, nto leyo efuna izixhobo zokufriji ezisebenzayo kakhulu kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela. Okwesibini, ngexesha lenkqubo yokubanda okunzulu, ukuxinana kakhulu kwe-oxygen kufuneka kuphetshwe kuba i-oxygen engamanzi ineempawu ezinamandla zokunyibilikisa kwaye ibeka iingozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lenkqubo yoyilo, inkqubo yokwahlula i-nitrogen-oxygen kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo. Ukongeza, ukuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-nitrogen engamanzi kufuna iiflaski zeDewar ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuthintela ukunyuka kobushushu kunye nokulahleka komphunga we-nitrogen engamanzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwangempela kwe-nitrogen engamanzi

Iipropati ze-nitrogen engamanzi eziphantsi kubushushu ziyenza isebenze kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Kwizonyango, i-nitrogen engamanzi isetyenziswa kwi-cryosurgery kunye nokugcinwa kwezicubu, njengokukhenkceza izilonda zesikhumba kunye nokugcina iisampuli zebhayoloji. Kwishishini lokutya, i-nitrogen engamanzi isetyenziselwa ukukhenkceza ukutya ngokukhawuleza, njengoko indawo yayo enobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu inokukhenkceza ukutya ngokukhawuleza, inciphise umonakalo kwisakhiwo seseli kwaye ngaloo ndlela igcine incasa yokuqala kunye nesondlo sokutya. Kwicandelo lophando, i-nitrogen engamanzi isetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando lwe-superconductivity, uvavanyo lwefiziksi oluphantsi kubushushu, njl.njl., ebonelela ngendawo yovavanyo enobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu. Ukongeza, kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, i-nitrogen engamanzi isetyenziswa ekucutshungulweni kwesinyithi, kunyango lobushushu, kwaye njengegesi engasebenziyo ukuthintela ukuba kwenzeke iimpendulo ezithile zeekhemikhali. Isiphelo

Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-nitrogen engamanzi yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ebonakalayo, efezekiswa kakhulu ngeendlela zokwahlula umoya obandayo kunye neetekhnoloji zokunyibilikisa ulwelo. Ipropati ye-nitrogen engamanzi enobushushu obuphantsi yenza ukuba idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neshishini, amayeza, kunye nophando. Ukususela ekukhutshweni kwegesi ye-nitrogen ukuya ekunyibilikiseni ulwelo olubandayo kwaye ekugqibeleni ukuya ekusetyenzisweni kwayo, inyathelo ngalinye libonisa amandla eetekhnoloji eziphambili zokufrijisa kunye nokwahlula. Kwimisebenzi ebonakalayo, iingcali nazo kufuneka ziqhubeke nokuphucula inkqubo yemveliso ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ye-nitrogen engamanzi.

Singabavelisi kunye nabathumela ngaphandle iyunithi yokwahlula umoya. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngathi:

Umntu woqhagamshelwano: uAnna

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Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com