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Kutshanje, ioksijini esemathinini itsale ingqalelo kwezinye iimveliso ezithembisa ukuphucula impilo namandla, ingakumbi eColorado. Iingcali zeCU Anschutz zichaza oko kuthethwa ngabavelisi.
Kwiminyaka emithathu, ioksijini esemathinini yayisele ifumaneka phantse njengeoksijini yokwenyani. Ukwanda kwemfuno okubangelwa lubhubhane lwe-COVID-19, izivumelwano ze-"Shark Tank" kunye nemiboniso evela kwi-"The Simpsons" kukhokelele ekwandeni kwenani leekotoni ezincinci ze-aluminium kwiishelufu zeevenkile ezivela kwiikhemesti ukuya kwizikhululo zepetroli.
I-Boost Oxygen inemarike ye-oxygen engaphezulu kwama-90% ebhotileni, kwaye intengiso iyanda kancinci emva kokuphumelela umboniso wenyani weshishini othi “Shark Tank” ngo-2019.
Nangona iilebheli zisithi ezi mveliso azivunywanga yi-Food and Drug Administration kwaye zezokusetyenziswa kokuzonwabisa kuphela, intengiso ithembisa impilo ephuculweyo, ukusebenza ngcono kwezemidlalo kunye noncedo lokuqhelana nokuphakama, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Olu ngcelele luhlola iindlela zempilo zangoku ngokusebenzisa iliso lesayensi leengcali ze-CU Anschutz.
IColorado, eneendawo zayo ezinkulu zokuzonwabisa zangaphandle kunye neendawo zokudlala eziphakamileyo, iye yaba yindawo ekujoliswe kuyo kwiitanki zeoksijini eziphathekayo. Kodwa ngaba ziye zakwazi ukwenza oku?
“Zimbalwa izifundo eziye zahlola iingenelo zokongezwa kweoksijini okwethutyana,” utshilo uLindsay Forbes, MD, umfundi kwiCandelo leMithi yoNyango lweMiphunga kunye noNyango oluBalulekileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseColorado School of Medicine. “Asinadatha yaneleyo,” utshilo uForbes, oza kujoyina eli sebe ngoJulayi.
Oku kungenxa yokuba ioksijini enikwa ngugqirha, elawulwa yi-FDA, iyadingeka kwiindawo zonyango ixesha elide. Kukho isizathu sokuba ihanjiswe ngale ndlela.
“Xa uphefumla ioksijini, isuka kwindlela yokuphefumla iye egazini ize ifunxwe yi-hemoglobin,” utshilo uBen Honigman, MD, uprofesa oqeshwe kwizonyango ezingxamisekileyo. Emva koko i-hemoglobin isasaza ezi molekyuli zeoksijini emzimbeni wonke, inkqubo esebenzayo neqhubekayo.
Ngokutsho kweForbes, ukuba abantu banemiphunga ephilileyo, imizimba yabo inokugcina amanqanaba e-oksijini egazini labo esemgangathweni. “Akukho bungqina baneleyo bokuba ukongeza i-oksijini engaphezulu kumanqanaba e-oksijini aqhelekileyo kunceda umzimba ngokwasemzimbeni.”
Ngokutsho kweForbes, xa abasebenzi bezempilo benika ioksijini kwizigulana ezineoksijini ephantsi, kudla ngokuthatha imizuzu emibini ukuya kwemithathu yokuhanjiswa kweoksijini rhoqo ukuze kubonakale utshintsho kumanqanaba eoksijini yesigulana. “Ngoko ke andinakulindela ukuba ukufutha kube kanye okanye kabini kwibhokisi yekomityi kunike ioksijini eyaneleyo egazini elihamba ngemiphunga ukuze kube nefuthe elibalulekileyo ngokwenene.”
Abavelisi abaninzi beebha zeoksijini kunye neesilinda zeoksijini bongeza iioyile ezibalulekileyo ezinevumba elimnandi ezifana nepeppermint, iorenji okanye i-eucalyptus kwioksijini. Iingcali zemiphunga ngokubanzi zicebisa ukuba kungabikho mntu uphefumlela iioyile, zikhankanya ukudumba okunokwenzeka kunye neempendulo ze-allergy. Kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile zemiphunga, ezifana ne-asthma okanye isifo esingapheliyo semiphunga, ukongeza iioyile kunokubangela ukudumba okanye iimpawu.
Nangona iitanki zeoksijini ngokubanzi zingeyongozi kubantu abaphilileyo (jonga kwicala elingasecaleni), iForbes kunye neHonigman bacebisa ukuba kungabikho mntu uzisebenzisayo ukuze azenzele amayeza ngenxa yezizathu zonyango. Bathi ukunyuka kwentengiso ngexesha lobhubhane kubonisa ukuba abanye abantu bayazisebenzisa ukunyanga i-COVID-19, uhlobo olunokuba yingozi olunokulibazisa unyango olubalulekileyo.
Enye into ebalulekileyo, utshilo uHonigman, kukuba ioksijini iyaphela ngokukhawuleza. “Wakuba uyisusile, iyanyamalala. Akukho ndawo yokugcina okanye yokugcina ioksijini emzimbeni.”
Ngokutsho kukaHonigman, kolunye uphando apho amanqanaba eoksijini kubantu abasempilweni alinganiswa khona kusetyenziswa ii-pulse oximeters, amanqanaba eoksijini yabantu azinzileyo kwinqanaba eliphezulu emva kwemizuzu emithathu ngelixa abantu beqhubeka befumana ioksijini, kwaye emva kokuba ukunikezelwa kweoksijini kuyekiwe, izinga leoksijini libuyela kumanqanaba angaphambi kokongeza malunga nemizuzu emine.
Ngoko ke abadlali bebhola yomnyazi abangoochwephesha banokufumana inzuzo ngokuqhubeka bephefumla ioksijini phakathi kwemidlalo, utshilo uHonigman. Oku kwandisa okwethutyana amanqanaba eoksijini kwimisipha engenazo iioksijini.
Kodwa abatyibilizi be-ski abaphompa igesi rhoqo kwiitanki, okanye baye nakwii-“oxygen bars” (iindawo ezidumileyo kwiidolophu zeentaba okanye kwizixeko ezingcoliswe kakhulu ezibonelela nge-oxygen, rhoqo nge-cannula, imizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-30 ngexesha), abayi kuyiphucula indlela abaqhuba ngayo kulo lonke umgama. Ukusebenza kwiindawo ezityibilikayo. , kuba i-oxygen iyanyamalala kudala ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe okokuqala.
UForbes uphinde wagxininisa ukubaluleka kwenkqubo yokuhambisa, ephawula ukuba i-oxygen canister ayizi nemaski yezonyango egquma impumlo nomlomo. Ngenxa yoko, ibango lokuba i-can “yi-95% ye-oxygen emsulwa” nalo libuxoki, utshilo.
"Kwimeko yesibhedlele, sineoksijini yodidi lwezonyango kwaye siyitshintsha ibe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ukuze sinike abantu ubungakanani obahlukeneyo beoksijini kuxhomekeke kwindlela abayifumana ngayo. "Umzekelo, xa umntu efumana i-cannula yempumlo, usenokuba ufumana i-95% yeoksijini. Ayifumaneki."
I-Forbes ithi umoya wegumbi, oqulethe i-21% yeoksijini, uxubana neoksijini emiselweyo kuba umoya wegumbi ophefumlwa sisigulana nawo uyavuza ujikeleze i-cannula yempumlo, nto leyo enciphisa umgangatho weoksijini efunyanwayo.
Iilebheli ezikwiitanki zeoksijini ezisemathinini zikwathi ziyanceda ekusombululeni iingxaki ezinxulumene nokuphakama: kwiwebhusayithi yayo, iBoost Oxygen idwelisa iColorado kunye neeRockies njengeendawo zokuthwala ioksijini esemathinini.
UHonigman uthe, xa uphezulu, uxinzelelo lomoya luyahla, nto leyo enceda ekuthuthweni komoya ophuma emoyeni ukuya emiphungeni. “Umzimba wakho awufunxi ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo njengoko wenzayo xa uselwandle.”
Amanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini anokubangela isicaphucaphu sokunyuka kwamanzi, ingakumbi kubakhenkethi baseColorado. “Malunga nama-20 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini abantu abahamba ukusuka kwinqanaba lolwandle ukuya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo bafumana isicaphucaphu sokunyuka kwamanzi ezintabeni (AMS),” utshilo uHonigmann. Ngaphambi kokuba athathe umhlala-phantsi, wayesebenza kwiZiko loPhando oluPhakamileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseColorado Anschutz Medical Campus, apho aqhubeka khona nokwenza uphando.
Ibhotile ye-Boost Oxygen yeelitha ezi-5 ixabisa malunga ne-$10 kwaye inokubonelela ngokuphefumla i-oxygen ecocekileyo engama-95% ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 ngomzuzwana omnye.
Nangona abemi baseDenver bengakwazi ukumelana neziyobisi, malunga ne-8 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini labantu nabo bafumana i-AMS xa besiya kwiindawo zokungcebeleka eziphezulu, utshilo uHonigman. Iimpawu ezibangelwa yi-oxygen ephantsi egazini (iintloko ezibuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, ukudinwa, ubunzima bokulala) zihlala zibonakala kwiiyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-24 kwaye zinokubangela ukuba abantu bafune uncedo kwindawo yokunika i-oxygen.
“Enyanisweni kuyanceda ekunciphiseni ezi mpawu. Uziva ngcono xa uphefumla ioksijini, kwaye emva kwexesha elifutshane,” utshilo uHonigman. “Ke ukuba uneempawu ezincinci kwaye uqala ukuziva ngcono, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuya kubangela ukuziva uphilile.”
Kodwa kubantu abaninzi, iimpawu ziyabuya, nto leyo ebangela ukuba abanye babuyele kwi-oxygen bar ukuze bafumane isiqabu esingakumbi, utshilo uHonigman. Ekubeni abantu abangaphezu kwama-90% beqhelana neendawo eziphakamileyo kwiiyure ezingama-24-48, eli nyathelo lisenokuba lilize. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba i-oxygen eyongezelelweyo iya kulibazisa olu hlengahlengiso lwendalo, utshilo.
“Uluvo lwam lolokuba yimpembelelo ye-placebo, engenanto yakwenza ne-physiology,” uyavuma uHonigman.
“Ukufumana ioksijini eyongezelelweyo kuvakala kamnandi kwaye kungokwemvelo, kodwa andicingi ukuba isayensi iyakuxhasa,” utshilo. “Kukho ubungqina bokwenyani bokuba ukuba ucinga ukuba kukho into eza kukunceda, inokukwenza uzive ungcono.”
Ivunyiwe yiKhomishini yeMfundo ePhakamileyo. Zonke iimpawu zorhwebo ziyipropathi ebhalisiweyo yeYunivesithi. Zisetyenziswa kuphela ngemvume.