Umbhali: Lukas Bijikli, uMphathi wePotfoliyo yeMveliso, iiGear Drives eziDityanisiweyo, iR&D CO2 Compression and Heat Pumps, Siemens Energy.
Kwiminyaka emininzi, i-Integrated Gear Compressor (IGC) ibe yitekhnoloji yokuzikhethela kwizityalo zokuhlukanisa umoya. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ekusebenzeni kwabo okuphezulu, okukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekunciphiseni iindleko ze-oksijini, i-nitrogen kunye negesi ye-inert. Nangona kunjalo, ukugxila okukhulayo kwi-decarbonization kubeka iimfuno ezintsha kwii-IPCs, ngakumbi malunga nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuguquguquka kokulawula. Inkcitho eyinkunzi iyaqhubeka ukuba ngumba obalulekileyo kubasebenzi bezityalo, ngakumbi kumashishini amancinci naphakathi.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, i-Siemens Energy iqalise iiprojekthi ezininzi zophando kunye nophuhliso (R&D) ezijolise ekwandiseni amandla e-IGC ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziguqukayo zemarike yokwahlukana komoya. Eli nqaku liqaqambisa uphuculo oluthile loyilo esilwenzileyo kwaye lixoxa ngendlela olu tshintsho lunokunceda ngayo ukuhlangabezana neendleko zabathengi bethu kunye neenjongo zokunciphisa ikhabhoni.
Uninzi lweeyunithi zokwahlula umoya namhlanje zixhotyiswe ngee-compressor ezimbini: i-air compressor main (MAC) kunye ne-boost air compressor (BAC). Esona sicompressor somoya sikholisa ukucinezela wonke ukuhamba komoya ukusuka kuxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric ukuya malunga ne-6 bar. Inxalenye yale flow iphinda icinezelwe ngakumbi kwi-BAC ukuya kuxinzelelo oluya kuthi ga kwi-60 bar.
Ngokuxhomekeke kumthombo wamandla, icompressor idla ngokuqhutywa yi-steam turbine okanye i-motor motor. Xa usebenzisa i-injini yomphunga, zombini iicompressors ziqhutywa yiiturbine enye kwiiphelo zeshaft ezingamawele. Kwiskimu se-classical, i-gear ephakathi ifakwe phakathi kwe-turbine ye-steam kunye ne-HAC (umzobo 1).
Kuzo zombini iinkqubo eziqhutywa ngumbane kunye ne-ijini yomphunga, ukusebenza kakuhle kwecompressor sisisithinteli esinamandla se-decarbonization njengoko sichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kweyunithi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwii-MGPs eziqhutywa zii-injini zomphunga, kuba uninzi lobushushu bokuveliswa komphunga bufumaneka kwiibhoyila zefosili.
Nangona iinjini zombane zibonelela ngenye indlela eluhlaza kwiidrive zeinjini yomphunga, kuhlala kukho imfuneko enkulu yolawulo olubhetyebhetye. Izityalo ezininzi zanamhlanje zokwahlula umoya ezakhiwayo namhlanje ziqhagamshelwe kwigridi kwaye zinezinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyiweyo. E-Australia, umzekelo, kukho izicwangciso zokwakha izityalo ezininzi ze-ammonia eziluhlaza eziza kusebenzisa iiyunithi zokwahlula umoya (ASUs) ukuvelisa i-nitrogen ye-ammonia synthesis kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifumane umbane kwiifama zomoya kunye nelanga. Kwezi zityalo, uguquko olulawulayo lubalulekile ukubuyisela ukuguquguquka kwendalo kokwenziwa kwamandla.
I-Siemens Energy iphuhlise i-IGC yokuqala (eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-VK) kwi-1948. Namhlanje inkampani ivelisa ngaphezu kweeyunithi ze-2,300 emhlabeni jikelele, ezininzi zazo zenzelwe izicelo kunye namazinga okuhamba ngaphezu kwe-400,000 m3 / h. Ii-MGP zethu zanamhlanje zinesantya sokuhamba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.2 yezigidi ze-cubic metres ngeyure kwisakhiwo esinye. Ezi zibandakanya iinguqulelo ezingena gearless ze-console compressors ezinemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2.5 okanye ngaphezulu kwiinguqulelo zenqanaba elinye kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 kwiinguqulelo ze-serial.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo ze-IGC esebenzayo, ukuguquguquka kokulawula kunye neendleko ezinkulu, senze uphuculo oluphawulekayo loyilo, olushwankathelwa ngezantsi.
Ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwenani le-impellers edla ngokusetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokuqala le-MAC lonyuka ngokutshintsha ijiyometri yeblade. Ngale nto intsha, ukusebenza kakuhle okuguquguqukayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-89% kunokufezekiswa ngokudityaniswa nee-diffusers ze-LS eziqhelekileyo kunye nangaphezulu kwe-90% ngokudityaniswa nesizukulwana esitsha se-hybrid diffusers.
Ukongeza, i-impeller inenombolo ye-Mach ephezulu kune-1.3, enika inqanaba lokuqala kunye noxinzelelo lwamandla aphezulu kunye nomlinganiselo woxinzelelo. Oku kukwanciphisa amandla egiya kwiinkqubo ze-MAC ezinamanqanaba amathathu ekufuneka zigqithise, evumela ukusetyenziswa kweegiya ezincinci zedayamitha kunye neebhokisi zegiya eziqhuba ngokuthe ngqo kumanqanaba okuqala.
Xa kuthelekiswa nobude obugcweleyo be-LS vane diffuser, isizukulwana esilandelayo se-hybrid diffuser sinokunyuka kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-2.5% kunye nolawulo lwe-3%. Olu lwando luphunyezwa ngokuxuba ii-blades (oko kukuthi ii-blades zihlulwe zibe ngamacandelo apheleleyo kunye nobude obupheleleyo). Kolu qwalaselo
Ukukhutshwa kokuhamba phakathi kwe-impeller kunye ne-diffuser kuncitshiswa ngenxalenye yokuphakama kwe-blade ebekwe kufuphi ne-impeller kunamacangca e-LS ye-diffuser eqhelekileyo. Njengesiqhelo se-LS diffuser, imiphetho ekhokelayo yeencakuba ezipheleleyo zilingana ukusuka kwi-impeller ukuphepha ukusebenzisana kwe-impeller-diffuser enokonakalisa iiblades.
Ukunyusa ngokuyinxenye ukuphakama kweeblades kufutshane ne-impeller kukwaphucula umkhombandlela wokuhamba kufutshane nendawo ye-pulsation. Ngenxa yokuba umgca ohamba phambili wecandelo le-vane ubude obugcweleyo uhlala unobubanzi obufanayo njenge-LS diffuser eqhelekileyo, umgca we-throttle awuchaphazeleki, uvumela uluhlu olubanzi lwesicelo kunye nokulungiswa.
Isitofu samanzi siquka ukutofa amathontsi amanzi kumjelo womoya kwityhubhu yokufunxa. Amathontsi ayajika abe ngumphunga kwaye afunxe ubushushu kwinkqubo yerhasi, ngaloo ndlela ehlisa iqondo lobushushu elingeneyo ukuya kwinqanaba loxinzelelo. Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni iimfuno zamandla e-isetropic kunye nokwanda kokusebenza okungaphezulu kwe-1%.
Ukuqinisa i-shaft gear kukuvumela ukuba ukwandise uxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo kwindawo nganye yeyunithi, okukuvumela ukuba unciphise ububanzi bezinyo. Oku kunciphisa ilahleko yoomatshini kwibhokisi yegiya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25%, okukhokelela ekonyukeni kokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.5%. Ukongeza, iindleko eziphambili zecompressor zinokuncitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1% kuba intsimbi encinci isetyenziswa kwibhokisi enkulu yegiya.
Le impeller inokusebenza kunye ne-flow coefficient (φ) ukuya kwi-0.25 kwaye inikezela nge-6% ngaphezulu kwentloko kune-65 degree impellers. Ukongezelela, i-coefficient yokuhamba ifikelela kwi-0.25, kwaye kwi-design-flow flow double yomshini we-IGC, ukuhamba kwe-volumetric kufinyelela kwi-1.2 yezigidi ze-m3 / h okanye kwi-2.4 yezigidi ze-m3 / h.
Ixabiso eliphezulu le-phi livumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-impeller encinci ye-diameter kwi-volume flow flow, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa iindleko ze-compressor engundoqo ukuya kwi-4%. Ububanzi besigaba sokuqala se-impeller sinokuncitshiswa ngakumbi.
Intloko ephezulu iphunyezwa nge-75 ° i-impeller deflection angle, eyandisa icandelo le-circumferential velocity kwi-outlet kwaye ngaloo ndlela ibonelela ngentloko ephezulu ngokungqinelana ne-Euler's equation.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-high-speed kunye ne-high-efficiency impellers, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-impeller kuncitshiswe kancinci ngenxa yelahleko ephezulu kwi-volute. Oku kungabuyekezwa ngokusebenzisa inkumba ephakathi. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ngaphandle kwezi zivolonti, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo ukuya kwi-87% kunokufezekiswa kwinani le-Mach le-1.0 kunye ne-flow coefficient ye-0.24.
I-volute encinci ikuvumela ukuba uphephe ukungqubana nezinye iivoluthi xa ububanzi begiya enkulu buncitshisiwe. Abaqhubi banokonga iindleko ngokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-motor ye-6-pole ukuya kwi-4-speed ephezulu ye-pole motor (1000 rpm ukuya kwi-1500 rpm) ngaphandle kokugqithisa isantya esiphezulu esivumelekileyo se gear. Ukongeza, inokunciphisa iindleko zempahla ye-helical kunye nezixhobo ezinkulu.
Lilonke, eyona compressor ingundoqo inokonga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2% kwiindleko ezinkulu, kunye ne-injini inokonga i-2% kwiindleko ezinkulu. Ngenxa yokuba iivoluthi ezihlangeneyo zingasebenzi kakuhle, isigqibo sokuzisebenzisa ubukhulu becala sixhomekeke kwizinto eziphambili zomthengi (indleko xa zithelekiswa nokuphumelela) kwaye kufuneka zivavanywe ngokweprojekthi ngokweprojekthi.
Ukwandisa amandla okulawula, i-IGV inokufakwa phambi kwezigaba ezininzi. Oku kwahluke kakhulu kwiiprojekthi ze-IGC zangaphambili, ezibandakanya kuphela ii-IGV ukuya kwisigaba sokuqala.
Ukuphindaphinda kwangaphambili kwe-IGC, i-coefficient ye-vortex (oko kukuthi, i-angle ye-IGV yesibini eyahlulwe nge-angle ye-IGV1 yokuqala) yahlala ingatshintshi kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukuhamba phambili kwakuhamba phambili (i-angle> 0 °, ukunciphisa intloko) okanye i-vortex eguqukayo (i-angle <0). °, uxinzelelo luyanda). Oku akulunganga kuba uphawu lwe-engile luyatshintsha phakathi kwe-vortices e-positive kunye ne-negative.
Ulungelelwaniso olutsha luvumela ukuba kusetyenziswe imilinganiselo emibini eyahlukeneyo ye-vortex xa umatshini ungaphambili kwaye uguqule imodi ye-vortex, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa uluhlu lokulawula nge-4% ngelixa ugcina ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ngokubandakanya i-LS diffuser ye-impeller esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwii-BACs, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamanqanaba amaninzi kunokunyuswa ukuya kwi-89%. Oku, kudibene nolunye uphuculo olusebenzayo, kunciphisa inani lezigaba ze-BAC ngelixa kugcinwa ukusebenza kakuhle kololiwe. Ukunciphisa inani lezigaba kuphelisa imfuno ye-intercooler, i-gas pipeping yenkqubo ehambelanayo, kunye ne-rotor kunye ne-stator components, okubangela ukugcinwa kweendleko ze-10%. Ukongezelela, kwiimeko ezininzi kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa i-compressor yomoya oyintloko kunye ne-booster compressor kumatshini omnye.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, igiya ephakathi idla ngokufuneka phakathi kwe-injini yomphunga kunye ne-VAC. Ngoyilo olutsha lwe-IGC olusuka kwi-Siemens Energy, le giya ingasebenziyo inokudityaniswa kwibhokisi yegiya ngokongeza ishafti engenamsebenzi phakathi kwe-pinion shaft kunye negiya enkulu (iigiya ezi-4). Oku kunokunciphisa iindleko zomgca zizonke (icompressor engundoqo kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4%.
Ukongeza, iigiya ezine-pinion ezi-4 zezona zisebenza ngakumbi kwiimotor zokuskrola ezixineneyo zokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-6-pole ukuya kwi-4-pole motors kwi-compressor enkulu yomoya (ukuba kukho ithuba lokungqubana kwevolute okanye ukuba esona santya siphezulu sivumelekileyo siya kuncitshiswa). ) kwixesha elidlulileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwakhona kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwiimarike ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwi-decarbonization yezoshishino, kubandakanywa iimpompo zokushisa kunye nokunyanzeliswa komphunga, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-CO2 ekubanjweni kwekhabhoni, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa (CCUS) uphuhliso.
I-Siemens Energy inembali ende yokuyila nokusebenza kwe-IGCs. Njengoko kubonakaliswe ngoku ngasentla (kunye nezinye) iinzame zophando kunye nophuhliso, sizibophelele ngokuqhubekayo ukusungula aba matshini ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zesicelo esisodwa kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike ezikhulayo zeendleko eziphantsi, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokwandisa ukuzinza. KT2
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-28-2024