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Itekhnoloji yokwahlula umoya onzulu i-cryogenic yindlela eyahlulahlula izinto eziphambili (i-nitrogen, i-oxygen kunye ne-argon) emoyeni ngokusebenzisa amaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana nentsimbi, iikhemikhali, amayeza kunye ne-elektroniki. Ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno yeegesi, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokwahlula umoya onzulu i-cryogenic kuyanda kakhulu. Eli nqaku liza kuxoxa ngokucokisekileyo ngenkqubo yokuvelisa ukwahlula umoya onzulu i-cryogenic, kubandakanya umgaqo wayo wokusebenza, izixhobo eziphambili, amanyathelo okusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.

Isishwankathelo seTekhnoloji yoKwahlulwa koMoya yeCryogenic

Umgaqo osisiseko wokwahlulwa komoya okrwada kukupholisa umoya ukuya kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu (ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kwe-150°C), ukuze izinto ezisemoyeni zahlulwe ngokweendawo zazo ezahlukeneyo zokubila. Ngokwesiqhelo, iyunithi yokwahlulwa komoya okrwada isebenzisa umoya njengezinto eziluhlaza kwaye idlula kwiinkqubo ezifana nokucinezelwa, ukupholisa, kunye nokwandiswa, ekugqibeleni yahlula i-nitrogen, ioksijini, kunye ne-argon emoyeni. Le teknoloji inokuvelisa iigesi ezicocekileyo kakhulu kwaye, ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo iiparamitha zenkqubo, ihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo zomgangatho wegesi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.

Iyunithi yokwahlula umoya okrwada yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu aphambili: i-air compressor, i-air pre-cooler, kunye ne-cold box. I-air compressor isetyenziselwa ukucinezela umoya ukuya kuxinzelelo oluphezulu (ngesiqhelo yi-5-6 MPa), i-pre-cooler inciphisa ubushushu bomoya ngokupholisa, kwaye i-cold box yinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yonke yokwahlula umoya okrwada, kubandakanya ne-fractionation tower, esetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ukwahlula igesi.

Uxinzelelo lomoya kunye nokupholisa

Uxinzelelo lomoya linyathelo lokuqala lokwahlulwa komoya okrwada, ikakhulu lijolise ekucinezeleni umoya kuxinzelelo lomoya ukuya kuxinzelelo oluphezulu (ngesiqhelo yi-5-6 MPa). Emva kokuba umoya ungene kwinkqubo ngecompressor, ubushushu bawo buya kunyuka kakhulu ngenxa yenkqubo yoxinzelelo. Ke ngoko, uthotho lwamanyathelo okupholisa kufuneka lwenziwe ukunciphisa ubushushu bomoya okrwada. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokupholisa ziquka ukupholisa ngamanzi kunye nokupholisa umoya, kwaye isiphumo esihle sokupholisa sinokuqinisekisa ukuba umoya okrwada awubangeli umthwalo ongeyomfuneko kwizixhobo ngexesha lokucubungula okulandelayo.

Emva kokuba umoya upholisiwe ngaphambi kokuba upholiswe, ungena kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokupholisa ngaphambi kokuba upholiswe. Inqanaba langaphambi kokuba upholiswe lidla ngokusebenzisa i-nitrogen okanye i-nitrogen engamanzi njengendawo yokupholisa, kwaye ngezixhobo zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu, ubushushu bomoya ocinezelweyo buyancitshiswa ngakumbi, kulungiselela inkqubo elandelayo ye-cryogenic. Ngokupholiswa kwangaphambili, ubushushu bomoya bungancitshiswa busondele kubushushu bokunyibilika, okubonelela ngeemeko ezifunekayo zokwahlulahlula izinto emoyeni.

Ukwandiswa kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokwahlulwa kwegesi

Emva kokuba umoya ucinezelwe kwaye upholisiwe kwangaphambili, inyathelo elilandelayo elibalulekileyo kukwandiswa kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokwahlulwa kwegesi. Ukwandiswa kobushushu obuphantsi kufezekiswa ngokwandisa ngokukhawuleza umoya ocinezelweyo ngevalvu yokwandisa ukuya kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwandisa, ubushushu bomoya buya kwehla kakhulu, bufikelele kubushushu bokunyibilika. I-nitrogen kunye neoksijini emoyeni ziya kuqala ukunyibilika kubushushu obahlukeneyo ngenxa yokwahluka kwazo kwinqanaba lokubila.

Kwizixhobo zokwahlula umoya ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cryogenic, umoya omanzi ungena kwibhokisi ebandayo, apho inqaba yokuqhekeza iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokwahlula igesi. Umgaqo ophambili wenqaba yokuqhekeza kukusebenzisa umahluko wamanqaku okubila kwezinto ezahlukeneyo emoyeni, ngokunyuka nokuwa kwegesi kwibhokisi ebandayo, ukuze kufezekiswe ukwahlulwa kwegesi. Inqanaba lokubila le-nitrogen yi--195.8°C, elo le-oxygen yi--183°C, kwaye elo le-argon yi--185.7°C. Ngokulungisa ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo kwinqaba, ukwahlulwa kwegesi okusebenzayo kunokufezekiswa.

Inkqubo yokwahlulwa kwegesi kwinqaba yokuqhekeka ichaneke kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, inkqubo yenqaba yokuqhekeka enamanqanaba amabini isetyenziselwa ukukhupha initrogen, ioksijini, kunye ne-argon. Okokuqala, initrogen yahlulwe kwinxalenye ephezulu yenqaba yokuqhekeka, ngelixa ioksijini engamanzi kunye ne-argon zixinene kwinxalenye esezantsi. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa, kunokongezwa i-cooler kunye ne-re-evaporator kwinqaba, enokulawula ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo yokwahlulwa kwegesi.

I-nitrogen ekhutshiweyo idla ngokuba nobunyulu obuphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-99.99%), isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-metallurgy, kwishishini leekhemikhali, nakwi-elektroniki. I-oksijini isetyenziswa kwezonyango, kwishishini lentsimbi, nakwamanye amashishini asebenzisa amandla amaninzi afuna i-oksijini. I-Argon, njengegesi engaqhelekanga, idla ngokukhutshwa ngenkqubo yokwahlula igesi, ngobunyulu obuphezulu kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu ekudibaniseni, ekunyibilikiseni, nasekusikeni nge-laser, phakathi kwamanye amacandelo obuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo inokulungelelanisa iiparameter ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo ngokweemfuno zokwenyani, iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Ukongeza, ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokwahlulwa komoya onzulu obizwa ngokuba yi-deep cryogenic air division kukwabandakanya nobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla kunye nokulawula ukukhutshwa komoya. Umzekelo, ngokubuyisela amandla obushushu obuphantsi kwinkqubo, inkunkuma yamandla inokunciphisa kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunokuphuculwa. Ngaphezu koko, ngemithetho yokusingqongileyo engqongqo ngakumbi, izixhobo zanamhlanje zokwahlulwa komoya onzulu obizwa ngokuba yi-deep cryogenic air division nazo zinika ingqalelo engakumbi ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi okuyingozi kunye nokuphucula ubuhlobo bendalo kwinkqubo yemveliso.

Izicelo zokwahlulwa komoya okunzulu kwe-cryogenic

Itekhnoloji yokwahlukanisa umoya onzulu i-cryogenic ayisebenzi nje kuphela kwimveliso yeegesi zoshishino, kodwa ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezininzi. Kwimizi-mveliso yentsimbi, izichumisi, kunye ne-petrochemical, itekhnoloji yokwahlukanisa umoya onzulu i-cryogenic isetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngeegesi ezicocekileyo ezifana neoksijini kunye ne-nitrogen, ukuqinisekisa iinkqubo zemveliso ezisebenzayo. Kwimizi-mveliso ye-elektroniki, i-nitrogen enikezelwa kukwahlukanisa umoya onzulu i-cryogenic isetyenziselwa ulawulo lomoya kwimveliso ye-semiconductor. Kwimizi-mveliso yezonyango, i-oxygen ecocekileyo ibalulekile kwinkxaso yokuphefumla kwezigulane.

Ukongeza, iteknoloji yokwahlula umoya ocacileyo ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni nasekuthuthweni kweoksijini engamanzi kunye ne-nitrogen engamanzi. Kwiimeko apho iigesi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu zingenakuthuthwa, ioksijini engamanzi kunye ne-nitrogen engamanzi zinokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umthamo kunye neendleko zokuthutha eziphantsi.

Isiphelo

Itekhnoloji yokwahlula umoya okrwada, kunye nobuchule bayo bokwahlula igesi obusebenzayo nobuchanekileyo, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Ngokuhambela phambili kwetekhnoloji, inkqubo yokwahlula umoya okrwada iya kuba nobuchule ngakumbi kwaye isebenzise amandla kakuhle, ngelixa iphucula ubunyulu bokwahlula igesi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuveliswa kwetekhnoloji yokwahlula umoya okrwada ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokubuyiswa kwezixhobo kuya kuba yindlela ephambili yophuhliso lweshishini.

Anna Umnxeba./Whatsapp/Wechat:+86-18758589723

Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com