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Ioksijini yolwelo lulwelo oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, anoxinano oluphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu. Indawo yokubilisa ye-oksijini engamanzi yi-183℃, eyenza ukuba izinze kwindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-oxygen yegesi. Kwimo yolwelo, ubuninzi beoksijini bumalunga ne-1.14 g/cm³, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-oksijini elulwelo igcinwe lula kwaye ithuthwe kune-oksijini enegesi. I-oksijini yolwelo ayinayo kuphela i-oksijini ephezulu yoxinaniso kodwa ikwanezakhiwo ezinamandla ze-oxidizing, ezikwazi ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwizinto ezininzi eziphilayo.

Uphawu oluphantsi lobushushu be-oksijini yolwelo lufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha, njengokusebenzisa izitya ezifakwe kwi-insulated eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa ukukhusela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu. Ayinavumba kwaye ayinambala, kodwa ngenxa yobushushu bayo obuphantsi kakhulu, ioksijini engamanzi inokubangela iqabaka kunye nezinye iingozi kumzimba womntu, ngoko ke kufuneka ukhathalelo olulodwa ngexesha lokusebenza.

Imveliso kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa i-oksijini engamanzi

Ukuveliswa kwe-oksijini yolwelo ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iteknoloji yokwahlula umoya we-cryogenic enzulu, yindlela yokwahlula amacandelo omoya ngokupholisa okuphantsi kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo olusebenzayo. Umgaqo osisiseko wokuhlukana komoya onzulu we-cryogenic kukwahlula amacandelo ahlukeneyo omoya ngokusekelwe kwiindawo zabo zokubilisa ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, umoya ucinezelekile, emva koko ngezigaba ezininzi zokwandisa kunye nokupholisa, umoya ngokuthe ngcembe ufikelela kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-oksijini ihlukaniswe emoyeni kwaye ifakwe emanzini. Ukuveliswa kwe-oksijeni yolwelo kufuna iinkqubo zokupholisa ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokucoca ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kunye nokuzinza kwe-oksijini engamanzi.

Itekhnoloji yokwahlula umoya enzulu ye-cryogenic ayinakuvelisa kuphela ioksijini engamanzi kodwa kwangaxeshanye ifumane ezinye iigesi ezinobushushu obuphantsi njenge-nitrogen engamanzi kunye ne-argon yolwelo. Ezi mveliso zikwanosetyenziso olubanzi kushishino. Ubunyulu obuphezulu kunye neempawu ezisezantsi zobushushu be-oksijini yolwelo zenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo zoshishino.

Iinkalo zokusetyenziswa eziphambili ze-oxygen elulwelo

Ioksijini yolwelo inezicelo ezininzi kwiindawo ezininzi zoshishino. Okokuqala, kwibala le-aerospace, ioksijini elulwelo yenye yezona zinto ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwi-rocket oxidants, njengoko inomxholo ophezulu weoksijini kunye nobuchule bokunceda ukutsha, obunokusabela ngepetroli ngokukhawuleza ukuvelisa isixa esikhulu samandla ukuqhubela phambili ukuqaliswa kwe-rocket. Ukudityaniswa kweoksijini elulwelo kunye ne-hydrogen elulwelo ibizwa ngokuba yenye yezona propellants zerokhethi ziqhelekileyo, kwaye ukutyhala kwayo okunamandla kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kuyenza ithandeke kakhulu kwitekhnoloji ye-aerospace.

Okwesibini, kwicandelo lezonyango, ioksijini engamanzi isetyenziswa njengomthombo obalulekileyo weoksijini. Ioksijini yolwelo igcinwa kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye ifakwe ngumphunga ukuze isetyenziswe njengeoksijini yonyango, inceda abaguli abanobunzima bokuphefumla bafumane ioksijini eyaneleyo. Ukongeza, i-oksijini yolwelo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-metallurgy, ubunjineli beekhemikhali, kunye nezinye iindawo, ngakumbi ekutshisweni kobushushu obuphezulu kunye neenkqubo ze-chemical synthesis, apho amandla ayo oxidizing esomeleleyo asetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Izilumkiso zokhuseleko kwioksijini engamanzi

Nangona i-oksijeni yolwelo inezicelo ezibanzi, ngenxa yokuphinda isebenze kwakhona kunye neempawu zobushushu obuphantsi, kukho iingozi ezithile zokhuseleko. Okokuqala, i-oksijeni yolwelo yi-oxidant eyomeleleyo, enokuthi ikhawulezise inkqubo yokutsha, ngoko kufuneka igwenywe ekudibaneni nezinto ezinokutsha ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Kwangaxeshanye, ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu beoksijini yolwelo bunokubangela iqabaka, ngoko ke izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ezinjengeeglavu ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokubanda kunye nemaski kufuneka zinxitywe ngexesha lokusebenza kweoksijini elulwelo ukunqanda ukwenzakala kwesikhumba namehlo.

Ukugcinwa kweoksijini elulwelo kufuna izikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo eziyilwe ubushushu obuphantsi, ezidla ngokuba neempawu zokugquma kakuhle ukuthintela ubushushu bangaphandle ukuba bungene kwaye bubangele ukunyuka kweqondo lobushushu leoksijini engamanzi. Ukongeza, ngexesha lenkqubo ye-vaporization ye-oksijeni yolwelo, iya kwandisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivelise inani elikhulu le-oksijini, enokukhokelela ekwandeni koxinzelelo lwe-oksijini kwimekobume, ukwandisa umngcipheko womlilo. Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-oksijini engamanzi, imimiselo ekhuselekileyo yokhuseleko kufuneka ilandelwe ngokungqongqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza kunye nomoya.

Ukuthelekiswa kweoksijini yolwelo kunye nezinye iigesi zamashishini

Ioksijini yolwelo, njenge-nitrogen engamanzi kunye ne-argon yolwelo, yabelana ngeempawu ezibonakalayo ezifanayo, kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu kwisicelo kunye neempawu. Indawo yokubila yenitrogen engamanzi ngu -196℃, engaphantsi kunaleyo yeoksijini elulwelo, ngoko ke initrogen elulwelo isoloko isetyenziswa njengesipholisi, ngelixa ioksijini elulwelo, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezinamandla zokukhupha i-oxidizing, isoloko isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokutshisa okanye i-oxidant. Ngaphezu koko, i-argon yolwelo, njengegesi engasebenziyo, ayinakukwazi ukusabela kunye nezinye izinto ngexesha leekhemikhali kwaye isetyenziselwa ukukhusela umoya. Ngelixa ioksijini yolwelo, ngenxa yokuphinda isebenze kwakhona, iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwimichiza yokwenziwa kweekhemikhali kunye neenkqubo zokutsha.

Phakathi kwezi gesi zemizi-mveliso, ioksijini engamanzi yahlukile ngenxa yepropathi eyomeleleyo ye-oxidizing, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezifuna ukutsha okusebenzayo kunye nokusabela okunzulu kwe-oxidation. Iimpawu zeegesi ezahlukeneyo zamashishini zibenza bakwazi ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo zabo zokusetyenziswa.

Ubuhlobo bendalo kunye nokuzinza kwe-oksijini yolwelo

Nangona ioksijini engamanzi, njengerhasi yeshishini, inokusebenza kwakhona okuphezulu xa isetyenziswa, ayibangeli ukungcoliseka kwendalo ngokwenyani. Ioksijeni, njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-atmosfera, iimveliso zayo zokugqibela kwinkqubo yokusabela zininzi izinto ezingenabungozi ezifana namanzi okanye i-carbon dioxide. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-oksijini yolwelo idinga umthamo omkhulu wamandla, ngakumbi kwinkqubo yokwahlula okupholisa okunzulu, ngoko ke ukuphucula amandla okusebenza kwemveliso ye-oksijini elulwelo kubaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.

Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezisebenzayo kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwenkqubo, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngelixa kuncitshiswa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokuveliswa kwe-oksijini yolwelo. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yamandla aluhlaza, ukuveliswa kweoksijini elulwelo kulindeleke ukuba kube nobungane ngakumbi kokusingqongileyo kunye nozinzo kwixesha elizayo, ukubonelela ngomthombo ococekileyo weoksijini kwimveliso yeshishini kunye nobomi bomntu. Ukuqukumbela

Ioksijini yolwelo, njengolwelo lweoksijini, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso, i-aerospace, kunye nokhathalelo lwezempilo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nendalo eyomeleleyo ye-oxidizing. Nangona ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweoksijini engamanzi kufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko, indima yayo ebalulekileyo kwimimandla emininzi ayinakuphinda ibuyiselwe. Kwixesha elizayo, ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yetekhnoloji, ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-oksijini engamanzi kulindeleke ukuba isebenze ngakumbi kwaye ihambelane nokusingqongileyo, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ngcono iimfuno zoluntu.

Singumenzi kunye nomthengisi weyunithi yokwahlula umoya. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngathi:

Umntu wokunxibelelana: Anna

Umnxeba./Whatsapp/Wechat:+86-18758589723

Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com