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Ioksijini engamanzi lulwelo oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olukhanyayo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, oluxineneyo kakhulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu. Iqondo lokubila leoksijini engamanzi yi--183℃, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ihlale izinzile kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa neoksijini engamanzi. Kwimo yolwelo, uxinano lweoksijini lumalunga ne-1.14 g/cm³, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukugcina nokuthutha ioksijini engamanzi kuneoksijini engamanzi. Ioksijini engamanzi ayinayo nje kuphela i-oxygen eninzi kodwa ikwanazo neempawu ezinamandla zokuxoza, ezikwaziyo ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwizinto ezininzi eziphilayo.

Uphawu lwe-oksijini engamanzi oluphantsi lufuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye neendlela zokulinganisa ngexesha lokugcina nokuthuthwa, njengokusebenzisa izikhongozeli ezigqunywe ngobushushu obuphantsi ukuthintela ukudluliselwa kobushushu. Ayinavumba kwaye ayinambala, kodwa ngenxa yobushushu bayo obuphantsi kakhulu, i-oksijini engamanzi inokubangela iqabaka kunye nezinye iingozi emzimbeni womntu, ngoko ke kufuneka unonophelo olukhethekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza.

Inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokuvelisa ioksijini engamanzi

Ukuveliswa kweoksijini engamanzi kudla ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yokwahlula umoya onzulu, eyindlela yokwahlula izinto zomoya ngokupholisa okuphantsi kobushushu kunye nokucinezela okusebenzayo. Umgaqo osisiseko wokwahlula umoya onzulu kukwahlula izinto ezahlukeneyo zomoya ngokusekelwe kwiindawo zazo ezahlukeneyo zokubila. Okokuqala, umoya ucinezelwe, emva koko ngezigaba ezininzi zokwandiswa kunye nokuphola, umoya ufikelela kancinci kubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu, kwaye ekugqibeleni ioksijini iyahlulwa emoyeni kwaye inyibilike. Ukuveliswa kweoksijini engamanzi kufuna iinkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo kunye nezixhobo zokucoca ukuqinisekisa ubunyulu kunye nokuzinza kweoksijini engamanzi.

Itekhnoloji yokwahlula umoya enzulu nge-cryogenic ayinakuvelisa ioksijini engamanzi kuphela kodwa ikwafumana nezinye iigesi ezinobushushu obuphantsi njenge-nitrogen engamanzi kunye ne-argon engamanzi ngaxeshanye. Ezi mveliso zikwanokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino. Ubunyulu obuphezulu kunye neempawu zobushushu obuphantsi zeoksijini engamanzi zenza ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezininzi ezikhethekileyo zoshishino.

Iintsimi eziphambili zesicelo seoksijini engamanzi

Ioksijini engamanzi inezicelo ezininzi kwiindawo ezininzi zoshishino. Okokuqala, kwicandelo leenqwelo moya, ioksijini engamanzi yenye yezona rocket oxidants zisetyenziswa kakhulu, njengoko inomxholo ophezulu weoksijini kunye nokukwazi ukuncedisa ekutshiseni, enokusabela ngokukhawuleza kunye namafutha ukuze ivelise amandla amaninzi ukuze iqhubele phambili ukuqaliswa kweerocket. Ukudibana kweoksijini engamanzi kunye ne-hydrogen engamanzi kubizwa ngokuba yenye yezona rocket propellants zixhaphakileyo, kwaye ukutyhala kwayo okunamandla kunye nokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kwenza ukuba ithandwe kakhulu kubuchwepheshe beenqwelo moya.

Okwesibini, kwicandelo lezonyango, ioksijini engamanzi isetyenziswa njengomthombo obalulekileyo weoksijini. Ioksijini engamanzi igcinwa kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye ivuthwe ukuze isetyenziswe njengeoksijini yezonyango, nto leyo enceda izigulana ezinengxaki yokuphefumla ukuba zifumane umbane owaneleyo weoksijini. Ukongeza, ioksijini engamanzi idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-metallurgy, ubunjineli beekhemikhali, kunye nezinye iinkalo, ingakumbi kwiinkqubo zokutsha ezishushu kakhulu kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali, apho amandla ayo okuxovula asetyenziswa kakhulu.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko kwi-oksijini engamanzi

Nangona ioksijini engamanzi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ngenxa yokuba isebenza kakhulu kwaye ineempawu zobushushu obuphantsi, kukho iingozi ezithile zokhuseleko. Okokuqala, ioksijini engamanzi yi-oxidant enamandla, enokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokutsha, ngoko ke kufuneka ithintelwe ekudibaneni nezinto ezinokutsha ngexesha lokugcina nokusetyenziswa. Kwangaxeshanye, ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu beoksijini engamanzi bunokubangela iqabaka, ngoko ke izixhobo zokukhusela ezifanelekileyo ezifana neeglavu kunye neemaski ezimelana nokubanda kufuneka zinxitywe ngexesha lokusebenza kweoksijini engamanzi ukuze kuthintelwe ukwenzakala kwesikhumba namehlo.

Ukugcinwa kweoksijini engamanzi kufuna izikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo ezilungiselelwe ubushushu obuphantsi, ezihlala zineempawu ezilungileyo zokuthintela ubushushu bangaphandle ukuba bungangeni kwaye zibangele ubushushu beoksijini engamanzi ukuba bunyuke. Ukongeza, ngexesha lenkqubo yokufutha kweoksijini engamanzi, iya kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivelise inani elikhulu leoksijini, nto leyo enokubangela ukwanda koxinzelelo lweoksijini kwindawo engqongileyo, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko womlilo. Ke ngoko, ngexesha lokugcina nokuthuthwa kweoksijini engamanzi, kufuneka kulandelwe imigaqo yokhuseleko efanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kunye nomoya ophumayo.

Ukuthelekiswa kweoksijini engamanzi nezinye iigesi zoshishino

Ioksijini engamanzi, njenge-nitrogen engamanzi kunye ne-argon engamanzi, ineempawu ezifanayo zomzimba, kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu ekusetyenzisweni kunye neempawu. Iqondo lokubila le-nitrogen engamanzi yi--196℃, eliphantsi kunelo leoksijini engamanzi, ngoko ke i-nitrogen engamanzi idla ngokusetyenziswa njenge-coolant, ngelixa ioksijini engamanzi, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezinamandla zokuxovula, idla ngokusetyenziswa njenge-combustion aid okanye i-oxidant. Ngaphezu koko, i-argon engamanzi, njengegesi engasebenziyo, ayithambekeli ekuphenduleni nezinye izinto ngexesha leempendulo zeekhemikhali kwaye isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukukhusela umoya. Ngelixa ioksijini engamanzi, ngenxa ye-reactivity yayo ephezulu, idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokwenziwa kweekhemikhali kunye nokutshiswa.

Phakathi kwezi gesi zoshishino, ioksijini engamanzi yahlukile ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezinamandla zokuxovula, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezifuna ukutsha okusebenzayo kunye neempendulo ezinamandla zokuxovula. Iimpawu zeegesi zoshishino ezahlukeneyo zibenza bakwazi ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo zabo zokusebenza.

Ubuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kunye nokuzinza kweoksijini engamanzi

Nangona ioksijini engamanzi, njengegesi yemizi-mveliso, inokusabela okuphezulu xa isetyenziswa, ayibangeli ungcoliseko kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ioksijini, njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yomoya-bume, iimveliso zayo zokugqibela kwinkqubo yokusabela zizinto ezingenabungozi ezifana namanzi okanye i-carbon dioxide. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yokuvelisa ioksijini engamanzi ifuna amandla amaninzi, ingakumbi kwinkqubo yokwahlulahlula ukupholisa okunzulu, ngoko ke ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla okuvelisa ioksijini engamanzi kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo.

Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezisebenzayo ngakumbi kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kwenkqubo, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngelixa kunciphisa impembelelo yokuveliswa kweoksijini yolwelo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yamandla aluhlaza, ukuveliswa kweoksijini yolwelo kulindeleke ukuba kube nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye kuqhubeke ixesha elizayo, kubonelele ngomthombo ococekileyo weoksijini kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso nakubomi babantu. Isiphelo

Ioksijini engamanzi, njengohlobo lweoksijini engamanzi, isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini, kwi-aerospace, nakwimpilo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa zomzimba kunye nohlobo lwayo olunamandla lokuxoza. Nangona ukuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kweoksijini engamanzi kufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko, indima yayo ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi ayinakuthatyathelw’ indawo. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuqhubeka kweteknoloji, ukuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kweoksijini engamanzi kulindeleke ukuba kube nokusebenza kakuhle nangokunobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuhlangatyezwane ngcono neemfuno zoluntu.

Singabavelisi kunye nabathumela ngaphandle iyunithi yokwahlula umoya. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngathi:

Umntu woqhagamshelwano: uAnna

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