I-HANGZHOU NUZHUO TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO.,LTD.

I-United Launch Alliance inokufaka i-cryogenic methane kunye ne-oksijini yolwelo kwindawo yayo yokuvavanya i-Vulcan rocket eCape Canaveral okokuqala kwiiveki ezizayo njengoko iceba ukuqalisa i-rocket yayo yesizukulwana esilandelayo ye-Atlas 5 phakathi kweenqwelo-moya. Uvavanyo oluphambili lweerokhethi eziza kusebenzisa i-complex efanayo yokuqalisa i-rocket kwiminyaka ezayo.
Okwangoku, i-ULA isebenzisa irokhethi yayo esebenzayo ye-Atlas 5 ukuvavanya izinto zerokhethi enamandla ngakumbi yeVulcan Centaur ngaphambi kokubhabha kokuqala kwesithuthi esitsha sokuqalisa. Injini entsha ye-BE-4 yesigaba sokuqala evela kwinkampani yasemoyeni kaJeff Bezos iBlue Origin ikulungele kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuqaliswa kovavanyo lokuqala lweVulcan.
Igosa eliyiNtloko lezoMsebenzi le-ULA uJohn Albon uthe ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ukuba irokhethi yokuqala yeVulcan kufuneka ilungele ukuqaliswa ekupheleni konyaka.
Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kweVulcan kungenzeka ekupheleni kwalo nyaka okanye ekuqaleni kuka-2022, utshilo uKoloneli Robert Bongiovi, umlawuli weSpace and Missile Systems Center's Space and Missile Systems Center, ngoLwesithathu. I-Space Force iza kuba ngumthengi omkhulu we-ULA njengoko irokhethi yeVulcan iqhuba iinqwelomoya ezimbini eziqinisekisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba iqalise umsebenzi wayo wokuqala womkhosi wase-US, i-USSF-106, ekuqaleni kuka-2023.
Ukuqaliswa kwesathelayithi yomkhosi wase-US i-Atlas 5 ngoLwesibini kuvavanye inguqulelo ephuculweyo yenjini ye-RL10 ephezulu yesigaba esiza kubhabha kwisigaba esiphezulu se-Vulcan rocket ye-Centaur. Ukuqaliswa okulandelayo kwe-Atlas 5 ngoJuni kuya kuba yirokhethi yokuqala ukusebenzisa i-Vulcan. . Njengesihlangu somthwalo esenziwe e-USA, hayi eSwitzerland.
Ukwakhiwa nokuvavanywa kwenkqubo entsha yokuqalisa irokhethi yeVulcan Centaur sele kuza kugqitywa, utshilo uRon Fortson, umlawuli kunye nomphathi jikelele wemisebenzi yokuqalisa e-ULA.
“Le iza kuba yindawo yokuqalisa esetyenziswa kabini,” utshilo uFordson kutshanje njengoko wayekhokela iintatheli kutyelelo lweLaunch Pad 41 kwiCape Canaveral Space Force Station. “Akukho mntu wayekhe wakwenza oku ngaphambili, ngokuyintloko esungula iAtlas kunye nomgca wemveliso yeVulcan owahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwiqonga elinye.”
Injini ye-RD-180 yaseRashiya yerokethi ye-Atlas 5 isebenza nge-kerosene exutywe ne-oksijini engamanzi. Iinjini ezimbini ze-BE-4 Vulcan zesigaba sokuqala zisebenzisa igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo okanye i-methane fuel, nto leyo edinga ukuba i-ULA ifake iitanki ezintsha zokugcina kwiPlatform 41.
Iitanki ezintathu zokugcina i-methane ezingama-100,000-gallon zifumaneka kwicala elingasentla leLaunch Pad 41. Le nkampani, esebenzisana neBoeing kunye neLockheed Martin, ikwaphucule inkqubo yamanzi efunxa isandi kwi-launch pad, nto leyo ethomalalisa isandi esiqatha esiveliswa yi-launch pad.
Iindawo zokugcina i-hydrogen engamanzi kunye ne-oxygen engamanzi kwiLaunch Pad 41 nazo ziphuculwe ukuze zilungele inqanaba eliphezulu leCentaur, eliza kubhabha kwi-rocket yeVulcan.
Isigaba esitsha se-Centaur 5 esingaphezulu se-Vulcan rocket sinobubanzi obuziimitha eziyi-5.4 (17.7 feet) ububanzi obuphindwe kabini kunese-Centaur 3 esingaphezulu kwi-Atlas 5. I-Centaur 5 iza kusetyenziswa ziinjini ezimbini ze-RL10C-1-1, kwaye ayizizo iinjini ze-RL10 ezifanayo ezisetyenziswa kwii-Atlas 5 ezininzi, kwaye iza kuthwala ipetroli ephindwe kabini nesiqingatha kune-Centaur yangoku.
UFordson uthe i-ULA igqibile ukuvavanya iitanki ezintsha zokugcina i-methane kwaye ithumele ulwelo oluyi-cryogenic kwimigca yokuhambisa amanzi emhlabeni ukuya kwindawo yokuqalisa ePad 41.
“Sizalisile ezi tanki ukuze sifunde ngezakhiwo zazo,” utshilo uFordson. “Sinepetroli ehamba kuzo zonke iintambo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba luvavanyo lokuhamba komoya obandayo. Sihambe kuzo zonke iintambo ukuya kuthi ga ekudibaneni neVLP, eyiqonga lokuqalisa iVulcan, kunye nerokhethi yeVulcan eqalisiweyo.
I-Vulcan Launch Platform yi-mobile launch pad entsha eza kuthwala i-Vulcan Centaur rocket ukusuka kwi-ULA's vertical integrated facility ukuya kwi-Launch Pad 41. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, amaqela asemhlabeni aphakamise i-Vulcan Pathfinder core stage aya eqongeni aze aqengqele i-rocket kwi-launch pad kumjikelo wokuqala wovavanyo lomhlaba.
I-ULA igcina i-VLP kunye ne-Vulcan Pathfinder kwiCape Canaveral Space Operations Center ekufutshane ngelixa inkampani ilungiselela irokhethi yayo entsha ye-Atlas 5 ukuze iphakanyiswe ngesathelayithi yesilumkiso sasekuqaleni ye-SBIRS GEO 5 yomkhosi.
Emva kokuqaliswa ngempumelelo kwe-Atlas 5 kunye ne-SBIRS GEO 5 ngoLwesibini, iqela le-Vulcan liza kuyibuyisela irokhethi kwi-Launch Pad 41 ukuze liqhubeke nokuvavanya i-Pathfinder. I-ULA iza kuqala ukubeka irokhethi ye-Atlas 5 ngaphakathi kwi-VIF, ecwangciselwe ukuqaliswa ngoJuni 23 kwimishini ye-STP-3 ye-Space Force.
I-ULA iceba ukulayisha ipetroli kwisithuthi sokuqalisa iVulcan okokuqala, ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo lwasekuqaleni lwenkqubo yomhlaba.
“Kwixesha elizayo xa sikhupha ii-VLP, siza kuqala ukwenza olu vavanyo lokuhamba ngemoto,” utshilo uFortson.
Isithuthi seVulcan Pathfinder safika eCape Canaveral ngoFebruwari sikhwele irokhethi ye-ULA esuka kwisakhiwo senkampani eDecatur, eAlabama.
Ukuqaliswa kwangoLwesibini kuphawule umsebenzi wokuqala we-Atlas 5 kwiinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintandathu, kodwa i-ULA ilindele ukuba isantya sikhawuleze kulo nyaka. Emva kokuqaliswa kwe-STP-3 ngoJuni 23, ukuqaliswa okulandelayo kwe-Atlas 5 kucwangciselwe umhla wama-30 kuJulayi, okuya kuquka uvavanyo lokubhabha kwe-Boeing's Starliner crew module.
“Kufuneka sigqibezele umsebenzi kwiVulcan phakathi kokuqaliswa kwayo,” utshilo uFordson. “Siza kuqalisa i-STP-3 kungekudala emva koku. Banefestile encinci yokusebenza, ukuvavanya nokuvavanya, size emva koko sifake enye imoto apho.”
Irokhethi yeVulcan Pathfinder iqhutywa sisixhobo sokuvavanya umhlaba seenjini zeBlue Origin iBE-4, kwaye uvavanyo lwetanki yayo luya kunceda iinjineli ukuba zigqibe indlela yokufaka ipetroli kwiVulcan ngomhla wokuqaliswa kwayo.
“Siza kuziqonda zonke iiasethi kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo size siphuhlise iCONOPS yethu (ingcamango yemisebenzi) ukusuka apho,” utshilo uFordson.
I-ULA inamava amaninzi nge-hydrogen yolwelo ebandayo kakhulu, enye i-rocket fuel cryogenic esetyenziswa kusapho lwe-Delta 4 lweerokhethi kunye ne-Centaur upper stages yenkampani.
“Bobabini babebanda kakhulu,” utshilo uFordson. “Baneempawu ezahlukeneyo. Sifuna nje ukuqonda indlela eziphatha ngayo ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwesifo.
“Lonke uvavanyo esilwenzayo ngoku kukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zale gesi kunye nendlela eziphatha ngayo xa siyibeka emotweni,” utshilo uFordson. “Yiloo nto kanye esiza kuyenza kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo.”
Nangona iinkqubo zomhlaba zeVulcan zixinene kakhulu, i-ULA isebenzisa ukuqaliswa kwayo kweerokhethi ukuvavanya ubuchwepheshe bokubhabha kwezithuthi eziza kuqaliswa kwisizukulwana esilandelayo.
Inguqulelo entsha yenjini ye-Aerojet's Rocketdyne RL10 kwisigaba esiphezulu seCentaur ityhile ngoLwesibini. Inguqulelo yamva nje yenjini ye-hydrogen, ebizwa ngokuba yi-RL10C-1-1, iphucule ukusebenza kwaye kulula ukuyenza, ngokutsho kwe-ULA.
Injini ye-RL10C-1-1 inomlomo omde kuneenjini ezazisetyenziswa kwiirokethi ze-Atlas 5 zangaphambili kwaye ine-injector entsha eprintiweyo ye-3D, eyaqala ukubhabha, utshilo uGary Harry, usekela mongameli wenkampani wemicimbi karhulumente kunye norhulumente. iinkqubo zorhwebo. UGary Wentz utshilo. ULA.
Ngokutsho kwewebhusayithi ye-Aerojet Rocketdyne, injini ye-RL10C-1-1 ivelisa malunga neekhilogram ezili-1,000 zokutyhala okongezelelweyo kunenguqulelo yangaphambili yenjini ye-RL10C-1 eyayisetyenziswa kwi-rocket ye-Atlas 5.
Iinjini ze-RL10 ezingaphezu kwama-500 zisebenzise iirokhethi ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Irokhethi yeVulcan Centaur ye-ULA iza kusebenzisa nomzekelo wenjini ye-RL10C-1-1, njengoko kuya kuba njalo nangazo zonke iimishini ze-Atlas 5 ezizayo ngaphandle kwe-Boeing's Starliner crew capsule, esebenzisa isiteji esikhethekileyo se-Centaur esineenjini ezimbini.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-rocket booster entsha eqinileyo eyakhiwe yiNorthrop Grumman yaqaliswa okokuqala kwindiza ye-Atlas 5. I-booster enkulu, eyakhiwe yiNorthrop Grumman, iza kusetyenziswa kwimishini yeVulcan kunye noninzi lweenqwelo-moya ze-Atlas 5 ezizayo.
Esi sixhasi sitsha sithatha indawo yesixhasi se-Aerojet Rocketdyne esisetyenzisiweyo kwi-Atlas 5 launch ukususela ngo-2003. Iimoto ze-rocket eziqinileyo ze-Aerojet Rocketdyne ziya kuqhubeka nokudubula iirokethi ze-Atlas 5 ukuze zithwale imisebenzi yabantu ziye kwi-orbit, kodwa umsebenzi wale veki uphawule uhambo lokugqibela lwe-Atlas 5 yomkhosi kusetyenziswa uyilo lwesithuthi sokuqalisa esidala. Isithuthi sokuqalisa se-Aerojet Rocketdyne siqinisekisiwe ukuba siqalise ii-astronauts.
I-ULA idibanise iinkqubo ze-avionics kunye nezikhokelo zeerokhethi zayo ze-Atlas 5 kunye ne-Delta 4 kwisakhiwo esinye esiza kubhabha nakwi-Vulcan Centaur.
Kwinyanga ezayo, i-ULA iceba ukutyhila inkqubo yokugqibela efana neVulcan eza kuqala kwi-Atlas 5: i-payload fairing elula nengabizi kakhulu ukuyenza kune-Atlas 5's nose canopy yangaphambili.
I-payload fairing enobubanzi obuziimitha ezi-5.4 (17.7-foot) eza kuqaliswa kwi-STP-3 mission ifana naleyo yasetyenziswa kwiirokhethi ze-Atlas 5 zangaphambili.
Kodwa le fairing yimveliso yobudlelwane obutsha bezoshishino phakathi kwe-ULA kunye nenkampani yaseSwitzerland iRUAG Space, eyayikade ivelisa zonke iifairing ze-Atlas 5′s 5.4-meter kwifektri eSwitzerland. Ikhoni encinci yempumlo ye-Atlas 5 esetyenziswa kwezinye iimishini yenziwa kwifektri ye-ULA eHarlingen, eTexas.
I-ULA kunye ne-RUAG zenze umgca omtsha wokuvelisa i-payload fairing kwiindawo ezikhoyo ze-Atlas, Delta kunye neVulcan e-Alabama.
Umgca wemveliso waseAlabama usebenzisa inkqubo entsha eyenza kube lula amanyathelo okuvelisa i-fairing. Ngokutsho kwe-ULA, indlela yokuvelisa "engeyiyo i-autoclave" ingasebenzisa i-oven kuphela ukulungisa i-fairing ye-carbon fiber composite, isuse i-autoclave enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ethintela ubungakanani beendawo ezinokungena ngaphakathi.
Olu tshintsho luvumela ukuba i-payload fairing yahlulwe ibe ziingceba ezimbini endaweni yeziqwenga ezili-18 nangaphezulu. Oku kuya kunciphisa inani lee-fasteners, ii-multipliers kunye namathuba okuba neziphene, utshilo u-ULA kwisithuba sebhlog kunyaka ophelileyo.
I-ULA ithi le ndlela intsha yenza kube lula kwaye kubize kancinci ukwakha i-payload fairing.
I-ULA iceba ukubhabha imisebenzi engama-30 nangaphezulu ye-Atlas 5 ngaphambi kokuba irokhethi iyeke ukusebenza ize idluliselwe kwirokhethi yeVulcan Centaur.
Ngo-Epreli, iAmazon ithengile iinqwelomoya ezilithoba ze-Atlas 5 ukuze iqalise ukukhupha iisathelayithi kwinethiwekhi ye-intanethi ye-Kuiper yenkampani. Isithethi se-US Space Force's Space and Missile Systems Center sithe kwiveki ephelileyo ukuba ezinye iimishini ezintandathu zokhuseleko lwesizwe ziya kufuna iirokhethi ze-Atlas 5 kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, singayibali nemishini ye-SBIRS GEO 5 eyaqaliswa ngoLwesibini.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-US Space Force ibhengeze iikhontrakthi ezixabisa izigidigidi zeerandi zokuhambisa umthwalo obalulekileyo wokhuseleko lwesizwe kwiirokhethi ze-ULA zeVulcan Centaur kunye nezithuthi zokuqalisa ze-SpaceX zeFalcon 9 kunye neFalcon Heavy ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2027.
NgoLwesine, iSpace News ibike ukuba iSpace Force kunye ne-ULA bavumile ukuhambisa umsebenzi wokuqala womkhosi onikwe irokhethi yeVulcan Centaur ukuya kwirokhethi yeAtlas 5. Lo msebenzi, obizwa ngokuba yi-USSF-51, ucwangciselwe ukuqaliswa ngo-2022.
Iingcali zeenkwenkwezi ezine ezilungiselela ukuphoswa kwi-orbit zikhwele i-capsule ye-Crew Dragon “Resilience” ye-SpaceX zikhwele i-spacecraft yazo kwi-Kennedy Space Center ngoLwesine ukuze ziqeqeshelwe ukuthunyelwa kwazo kwi-International Space Station ngoMgqibelo ngokuhlwa, ngelixa iinkokheli ze-Mission zijonga imozulu kunye neemeko zolwandle ngexesha lenkqubo yokubuyisela umva ulwandle ngaphaya koLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic.
Iinjineli zeNASA Kennedy Space Center eziza kujongana nokuqaliswa kweesathelayithi zesayensi kunye neeprobe eziphakathi kweeplanethi ziya kuba noxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi emithandathu emikhulu ifika ngokukhuselekileyo esibhakabhakeni kwiinyanga nje ezintandathu kulo nyaka, ukuqala ngokuqaliswa kwe-GOES entsha ye-NOAA – nge-1 kaMatshi, i-S Weather Observatory ibhodi yerokethi ye-Atlas 5.
Irokethi yaseTshayina ikhuphe iisatellite ezintathu zovavanyo zomkhosi ezijikeleza emhlabeni ngoLwesihlanu, iseti yesibini yesatellite ezintathu ezinjalo ezikhutshwe ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezimbini.